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OB/GYN Section 3 > Test review chapters 55,56,57 > Flashcards

Test review chapters 55,56,57 Flashcards

1
Q

Ductus Venosus

A

vascular structure within the fetal liver that connects the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava and allowes oxygenated blood to bypass the liver and return directly to the heart

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2
Q

Breech

A

What is the term indicates the fetal head is towards the fundus of the uterus

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3
Q

One vein and two arteries

ateries from baby

vein to baby

A

what are the three vessels found in the umbilical cord

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4
Q

ductus arteriosus

A

communicating artery that carries oxygenated blood from the pulmonary artery to the descending aorta

closes after birth

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5
Q

AFI

A

Four quadrant fluid assessment is the

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6
Q

Maximum Vertical Pocket

A

What is MVP

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7
Q

Bio Physical Profile

A

What is the test to perform fetal well being

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8
Q

8-20cm AF

A

What is a normal AF

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9
Q

5-8 cm AF

A

LLN

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10
Q

20-24 cm AF

A

ULN

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11
Q

< 5cm AF

A

Oligo

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12
Q

> 24 cm AF

A

Poly

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13
Q

25-29 wks 4.0

29-34 wks 3.3

34-40 wks 3.0

A

What measurement do we use for cord Doppler

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14
Q

The vessels are longer than the cord itself

A

What is a false knot of the umbilical cord

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15
Q

when the cord goes around the babies neck and shoulders

A

What is a true know of the umbilical cord

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16
Q

Chorion
Amnion
Allantois
Yolk sac

A

Fetal membranes are comprised of

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17
Q

originates from trophoblastic cells and remains in contact with trophoblasts throughout pregnancy

A

Chorion

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18
Q

develops at 28th menstrual day; is attached to margins of embryonic disk. On page 1223 in the book as well

A

Amnion

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19
Q

a tubular extension of the endoderm of the yolk sac

that extends with the allantoic vessels into the connecting

stalk of theembryo. In human embryos, allantoic vessels

become the umbilical vessels and the chorionic villi.

A

Allantois

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20
Q

circular structure within the gestational sac seen on ultrasound between 4-10 weeks of gestational age; supplies nutrition, facilitates waste removal and is the origin of early hematopoietic stem cells in the embryo; it lies between the chorion and the amnion

A

yolk sac

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21
Q

the decidual reaction that occurs between the blastocyte and the myometrium

A

Decidual basalis

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22
Q

the fetal surface of the placenta

A

Chorionic plate

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23
Q

Reaction occurring over blastocyst closest to endometrial cavity

A

Decidua capsularis

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24
Q

Reaction except for areas beneath and above implanted

A

Decidua vera (parietalis)

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25
Q

maternal side of the placenta

A

basal plate

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26
Q

oxygen exchange, metabolism, and endochrine function

A

functions and activities of the placenta

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27
Q

Transfer of oxygen from maternal blood across the placental membrane into fetal blood is by diffusion. The placenta acts as fetal lungs

A

Respiration

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28
Q

Water, inorganic slats, carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and vitamins pass from maternal blood through the placental membrane into fetal blood

A

Nutrition

29
Q

Waste products cross membrane from fetal blood and enter maternal blood. Excreted by mother’s kidneys

A

Excretion

30
Q

Some microorganisms cross the placental border

A

Protection

31
Q

carbohydrates, proteins, calcium, and iron are stored in placenta and released into fetal circulation

A

Storage

32
Q

produced by syncytiotrophoblast of placenta: human chorionic gondatropin, estrogens, progesterone

A

Hormonal production

33
Q

umbilical cord insertion on the surface of the placenta in the membranes

A

velamentous placenta

34
Q

the insertion of the umbilical cord at the margin of the placenta within 10 mm of the edge

What is a marginal or and eccentric insertion

A

Battledore insertion

35
Q

maternal diabetes

A

What is the primary cause of placentomegaly

36
Q

superficially to myometrium;

Mild

A

Placenta accrete

37
Q

Deep into myometrium;

Moderate

A

Placenta increta

38
Q

Through the myometrium;

Severe

A

Placenta percreta

39
Q

Succenturiate Placenta

this incidence occurs in 3% to 6% of pregnancies

A

Accessory lobe of the placenta

40
Q

marginal abruption result

A

Low pressure bleed of the placenta

41
Q

Most common type

does not cover the CX OS but its edge come tot he margin ofthe OS

A

Marginal previa

42
Q

only partially covers the internal OS

A

Partial previa

43
Q

CX internal OS is completely covered

20% of patients with placental previa

A

complete/total previa

44
Q

placental edge is within 5cm of center of CX internal OS

A

low lying previa

45
Q

Intrauterine growth restriction, Intrauterine infection, Aneuploidy

A

maternal abnormalities demonstrate a small placenta

46
Q

Maternal diabetes, Maternal anemia, α-Thalassemia, Rh sensitivity, Fetomaternal hemorrhage, Chronic intrauterine infections, Twin-twin transfusion syndrome, Congenital neoplasms, Fetal malformations

A

What maternal abnormalities demonstrate a large placenta

47
Q

placenta covering the cervix, cord insertion at cervix

A

Vasa previa

48
Q

condition where the chorionic plate is smaller than the basal plate, the margin is raised with a rolled edge

A

Circumvallate Placenta

49
Q

the chorionic place of the placenta is smaller than the basal plate, with a flas interface between the fetal membrane and the placenta

A

Circummarginate Placenta

50
Q

Portion of chorion that develops into fetal portion of placenta
Site where water exchanged freely between fetal blood and AF across amnion

A

Chorion frondosum

51
Q

By 20 weeks’ gestation, AF volume increases by 10 ml/day
Fluid produced by fetal urination slightly exceeds amount removed by fetal swallowing

A

Highest level of Amniotic fluid

52
Q

Production of fluid
Removal of fluid by swallowing
Fluid exchange within lungs
Membranes and cord

A

Amount of AF regulated by

53
Q

often associated with central nervous system (CNS) disorders and/or gastrointestinal (GI) problems, CNS disorders cause depressed swallowing, GI abnormalities result in ineffective swallowing that are often caused by a blockage (atresia) of the esophagus, stomach, duodenum, or small bowel.

A

Know conditions that associate with polyhydraminos

54
Q

Congenital anomalies , IUGR, Postterm pregnancies, Rupture of membranes (ROM), Iatrogenesis, Hypertension, Preeclampsia , Chronic cardiac or renal disease, Connective tissue disorders , Patients receiving indomethacin

A

conditions that associate with oligo

55
Q

Allows fetus to move freely within amniotic cavity

Maintains intrauterine temperature

Protects developing fetus from injury

A

Role of Amniotic Fluid

56
Q

If a patient has persistent polyhydraminos what is the cause

A

diabetes

57
Q

How do sonographers typically evaluate AF

A

eyeball

58
Q

vernix caseosa

particulate matter, intra-amniotic blood, intrauterine meconium passage

A

What is the debris of the AF

59
Q

Patients suspected to have ROM present clinically with sudden gush or leaking of fluid.

test used as screening test to determine presence of AF in vaginal secretions

Patient is checked for cervical dilatation and for leaking of fluid with coughing or fundal pressure

A

Nitrazine test

fern test

60
Q

Is associated with abnormality in fetal membranes

Is a common, non-recurrent cause of various fetal malformations involving limbs, craniofacial region, trunk

A

Amniotic Band Syndrome

61
Q

identified as echogenic, nonfloating bands crossing through amniotic cavity
Are thicker than bands associated with amniotic band syndrome
Do not cause fetal malformations
Most likely signify uterine synechiae

A

Amniotic Sheets, shelves or folds

62
Q

Disparity between amounts of serous fluid being produced and absorbed

A

Hydrops

63
Q

Pleural effusions
Ascites
Cardiac effusion
Skin edema
Anasarca

A

Hydrops indications

64
Q

Enlarged umbilical cord
Polyhydramnios
Placental edema
Enlarged liver and spleen
In many cases, highly associated with mortality

A

Hydrops fetal findings

65
Q

Is associated with alloimmune hemolytic disease (erythroblastosis fetalis) or rhesus (Rh) isoimmunization

Maternal blood sampling and history of previously affected fetus extremely important for pregnancy management

A

Immune Hydrops

66
Q

Presence of abnormal accumulations of fluid in fetal body and/or skin

Is associated with numerous conditions and causes

A

Nonimmune Hydrops

67
Q

May be sporadic condition or associated with numerous other causes

Cardiac insufficiency one of the most common causes

Cardiac insufficiency can result from cardiac anomalies (tumors) or arrhythmias (tachycardia)

A

Nonimmune Hydrops causes

68
Q

Fetal tumors (heart or liver)
Cardiac anomalies
Cystic adenomatoid malformation of lung
Chorioangioma of placenta

A

Nonimmune Hydrops anomalies

OB/GYN Section 3 (11 decks)

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