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OB/GYN Section 3 > Test review chapters 55,56,57 > Flashcards

Test review chapters 55,56,57 Flashcards

1
Q

Ductus Venosus

A

vascular structure within the fetal liver that connects the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava and allowes oxygenated blood to bypass the liver and return directly to the heart

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2
Q

Breech

A

What is the term indicates the fetal head is towards the fundus of the uterus

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3
Q

One vein and two arteries

ateries from baby

vein to baby

A

what are the three vessels found in the umbilical cord

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4
Q

ductus arteriosus

A

communicating artery that carries oxygenated blood from the pulmonary artery to the descending aorta

closes after birth

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5
Q

AFI

A

Four quadrant fluid assessment is the

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6
Q

Maximum Vertical Pocket

A

What is MVP

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7
Q

Bio Physical Profile

A

What is the test to perform fetal well being

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8
Q

8-20cm AF

A

What is a normal AF

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9
Q

5-8 cm AF

A

LLN

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10
Q

20-24 cm AF

A

ULN

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11
Q

< 5cm AF

A

Oligo

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12
Q

> 24 cm AF

A

Poly

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13
Q

25-29 wks 4.0

29-34 wks 3.3

34-40 wks 3.0

A

What measurement do we use for cord Doppler

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14
Q

The vessels are longer than the cord itself

A

What is a false knot of the umbilical cord

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15
Q

when the cord goes around the babies neck and shoulders

A

What is a true know of the umbilical cord

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16
Q

Chorion
Amnion
Allantois
Yolk sac

A

Fetal membranes are comprised of

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17
Q

originates from trophoblastic cells and remains in contact with trophoblasts throughout pregnancy

A

Chorion

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18
Q

develops at 28th menstrual day; is attached to margins of embryonic disk. On page 1223 in the book as well

A

Amnion

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19
Q

a tubular extension of the endoderm of the yolk sac

that extends with the allantoic vessels into the connecting

stalk of theembryo. In human embryos, allantoic vessels

become the umbilical vessels and the chorionic villi.

A

Allantois

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20
Q

circular structure within the gestational sac seen on ultrasound between 4-10 weeks of gestational age; supplies nutrition, facilitates waste removal and is the origin of early hematopoietic stem cells in the embryo; it lies between the chorion and the amnion

A

yolk sac

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21
Q

the decidual reaction that occurs between the blastocyte and the myometrium

A

Decidual basalis

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22
Q

the fetal surface of the placenta

A

Chorionic plate

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23
Q

Reaction occurring over blastocyst closest to endometrial cavity

A

Decidua capsularis

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24
Q

Reaction except for areas beneath and above implanted

A

Decidua vera (parietalis)

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25
maternal side of the placenta
basal plate
26
oxygen exchange, metabolism, and endochrine function
functions and activities of the placenta
27
Transfer of oxygen from maternal blood across the placental membrane into fetal blood is by diffusion. The placenta acts as fetal lungs
Respiration
28
Water, inorganic slats, carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and vitamins pass from maternal blood through the placental membrane into fetal blood
Nutrition
29
Waste products cross membrane from fetal blood and enter maternal blood. Excreted by mother’s kidneys
Excretion
30
Some microorganisms cross the placental border
Protection
31
carbohydrates, proteins, calcium, and iron are stored in placenta and released into fetal circulation
Storage
32
produced by syncytiotrophoblast of placenta: human chorionic gondatropin, estrogens, progesterone
Hormonal production
33
umbilical cord insertion on the surface of the placenta in the membranes
velamentous placenta
34
the insertion of the umbilical cord at the margin of the placenta within 10 mm of the edge What is a marginal or and eccentric insertion
Battledore insertion
35
maternal diabetes
What is the primary cause of placentomegaly
36
superficially to myometrium; Mild
Placenta accrete
37
Deep into myometrium; Moderate
Placenta increta
38
Through the myometrium; Severe
Placenta percreta
39
Succenturiate Placenta this incidence occurs in 3% to 6% of pregnancies
Accessory lobe of the placenta
40
marginal abruption result
Low pressure bleed of the placenta
41
Most common type does not cover the CX OS but its edge come tot he margin ofthe OS
Marginal previa
42
only partially covers the internal OS
Partial previa
43
CX internal OS is completely covered 20% of patients with placental previa
complete/total previa
44
placental edge is within 5cm of center of CX internal OS
low lying previa
45
Intrauterine growth restriction, Intrauterine infection, Aneuploidy
maternal abnormalities demonstrate a small placenta
46
Maternal diabetes, Maternal anemia, α-Thalassemia, Rh sensitivity, Fetomaternal hemorrhage, Chronic intrauterine infections, Twin-twin transfusion syndrome, Congenital neoplasms, Fetal malformations
What maternal abnormalities demonstrate a large placenta
47
placenta covering the cervix, cord insertion at cervix
Vasa previa
48
condition where the chorionic plate is smaller than the basal plate, the margin is raised with a rolled edge
Circumvallate Placenta
49
the chorionic place of the placenta is smaller than the basal plate, with a flas interface between the fetal membrane and the placenta
Circummarginate Placenta
50
Portion of chorion that develops into fetal portion of placenta Site where water exchanged freely between fetal blood and AF across amnion
Chorion frondosum
51
By 20 weeks’ gestation, AF volume increases by 10 ml/day Fluid produced by fetal urination slightly exceeds amount removed by fetal swallowing
Highest level of Amniotic fluid
52
Production of fluid Removal of fluid by swallowing Fluid exchange within lungs Membranes and cord
Amount of AF regulated by
53
often associated with central nervous system (CNS) disorders and/or gastrointestinal (GI) problems, CNS disorders cause depressed swallowing, GI abnormalities result in ineffective swallowing that are often caused by a blockage (atresia) of the esophagus, stomach, duodenum, or small bowel.
Know conditions that associate with polyhydraminos
54
Congenital anomalies , IUGR, Postterm pregnancies, Rupture of membranes (ROM), Iatrogenesis, Hypertension, Preeclampsia , Chronic cardiac or renal disease, Connective tissue disorders , Patients receiving indomethacin
conditions that associate with oligo
55
Allows fetus to move freely within amniotic cavity Maintains intrauterine temperature Protects developing fetus from injury
Role of Amniotic Fluid
56
If a patient has persistent polyhydraminos what is the cause
diabetes
57
How do sonographers typically evaluate AF
eyeball
58
vernix caseosa particulate matter, intra-amniotic blood, intrauterine meconium passage
What is the debris of the AF
59
Patients suspected to have ROM present clinically with sudden gush or leaking of fluid. test used as screening test to determine presence of AF in vaginal secretions Patient is checked for cervical dilatation and for leaking of fluid with coughing or fundal pressure
Nitrazine test fern test
60
Is associated with abnormality in fetal membranes Is a common, non-recurrent cause of various fetal malformations involving limbs, craniofacial region, trunk
Amniotic Band Syndrome
61
identified as echogenic, nonfloating bands crossing through amniotic cavity Are thicker than bands associated with amniotic band syndrome Do not cause fetal malformations Most likely signify uterine synechiae
Amniotic Sheets, shelves or folds
62
Disparity between amounts of serous fluid being produced and absorbed
Hydrops
63
Pleural effusions Ascites Cardiac effusion Skin edema Anasarca
Hydrops indications
64
Enlarged umbilical cord Polyhydramnios Placental edema Enlarged liver and spleen In many cases, highly associated with mortality
Hydrops fetal findings
65
Is associated with alloimmune hemolytic disease (erythroblastosis fetalis) or rhesus (Rh) isoimmunization Maternal blood sampling and history of previously affected fetus extremely important for pregnancy management
Immune Hydrops
66
Presence of abnormal accumulations of fluid in fetal body and/or skin Is associated with numerous conditions and causes
Nonimmune Hydrops
67
May be sporadic condition or associated with numerous other causes Cardiac insufficiency one of the most common causes Cardiac insufficiency can result from cardiac anomalies (tumors) or arrhythmias (tachycardia)
Nonimmune Hydrops causes
68
Fetal tumors (heart or liver) Cardiac anomalies Cystic adenomatoid malformation of lung Chorioangioma of placenta
Nonimmune Hydrops anomalies

OB/GYN Section 3 (11 decks)

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