OB final review 1 Flashcards
1
Q
What is the physiologic status of prepuberty
A
premenarche
2
Q
The superficial layer of glans and stroma of the endometrium is called the
A
Funtional layer Zona functionalis
3
Q
The release of an egg from the ruptured follicle is
A
ovulation
4
Q
The ovary receives its primary blood supply from the
A
ovarian arteries and uterine artery
5
Q
The blood supply to the fallopian tube is received by
A
tubal branch and ovarian arteries
6
Q
A mature follicle is known as a follicle
A
graffian follicle
7
Q
A mature follicle typically is cm in size right before ovulation
A
2 cm
8
Q
The retrouterine space is also known as
A
pouch of Douglas and the posterior cul-de-sac
9
Q
Abnormally heavy or long menses is termed
A
menorrhagia
10
Q
The inner lining of the uterine cavity that appears echogenic to hypoechoic on ultrasound depending on the menstrual cycle is the
A
endometrium
11
Q
Menarche may be defined as
A
state after reaching puberty in which menses occurs normally every 28 days
12
Q
These are small vessels found along the periphery of the uterus
A
arcuate
13
Q
The thickness of the endometrium should be measured in the
A
Long Axis
14
Q
The middle layer of the uterus is
A
myometrium
15
Q
The thin outer layer of the uterus is separated from the immediate layer by the
A
arcuate vessels
16
Q
Nabothian cysts are found near the
A
cervix
17
Q
The most common site for a leiomyoma to occur is
A
intramural
18
Q
Complications in delivery may occur with pregnancy if a fibroid is located
A
near the cervix
19
Q
A benign invasion of endometrial tissue into the myometrium is known as
A
adenomyosis
20
Q
A small percentage of leiomyomas are located in the
A
Cervix
21
Q
An acquired condition with obstruction of the cervical canal is most likely a result of
A
cervical stenosis
22
Q
Which leiomyoma location is most likely to cause heavy irregular uterine bleeding
A
submucosal
23
Q
Irregular, acyclic bleeding is defined as
A
Metrorrhagia
24
Q
Where might you find a Gartner’s duct cyst
A
vagina
25
In a posthysterectomy patient, the normal vaginal cuff should not exceed cm
2.1 Cm
26
A small endocrine structure that develops within a ruptured ovarian follicle and secretes progesterone and estrogen is a
corpus luteum cyst
27
The dermoid tumor typically is associated with which ultrasound sign
Dermoid plug
Tip of the iceberg...
28
The most common adnexal mass found during early pregnancy is a
corpus luteum cyst
29
Simple ovarian cysts in postmenopausal women are not likely malignant when measuring less than cm.
5 cm
30
The most common benign tumor of the ovary is a
dermoid
31
This rare benign ovarian neoplasm is most often seen in postmenopausal women
Thecoma
32
A common condition in which functioning endometrial tissue is present outside of the uterus is
endometriosis
33
Partial or complete rotation of the ovarian pedicle on its axis defines
torsion
34
Which pelvis organ is more involved with metastatic disease
ovaries
35
An infection that involves the fallopian tube and the ovary is called
tubovarian
36
Risk factors in pelvic inflammatory disease include
early sexual contact, history of STD, use of IUD, previous PID, douching
37
What is an infection within the fallopian tube called
salpingitis
38
The most common etiology of PID is
STD's
multiple partners
early sexual contact
history of PID
douching
39
Sonographic findings of PID include
endometritis, periovarian inflammatoin, salpingitis, pyo or hydrosalpinx, tubo-ovarian abcess
40
A dominant follicle grows at a rate of
2 mm per day
41
A human fertilization technique in which fertilized ova are injected through a laparoscope into the fimbriated ends of the fallopian tubes is known as
ZIFT
42
Fertilization takes place within the woman?s body in
ampulla of the fallopian tube
43
The cavity in which the fetus exists is called the
amniotic cavity
44
This laboratory test indicates pregnancy when the values are elevated
beta hCG
45
The first site of formation of red blood cells that will nourish the embryo is the
yolk sac
46
This refers to the length of time calculated from the first day of the last normal menstrual period to the point at which the pregnancy is being assessed
gestational or menstrual age
47
The beta hCG levels plateau and subsequently decline, whereas the gestational sac continues to grow after
9-10 weeks
But if we see 8 weeks on the test pick that....
48
The fusion of the chorion and amnion occurs between
16 weeks
49
To calculate the mean sac diameter of a gestational sac, the following formula should be used
L+W+H/3
50
Using an endovaginal approach, the first structure visualized within a gestational sac is the
Secondary yolk sac
51
In the first trimester, herniated bowel with return within the abdominal cavity by the
12th week
52
A sonogram of a 10-week gestation demonstrates a cystic area within the posterior cranium. This most likely represents
rhombencephalon
53
The blastocyst typically enters the uterus
4-5 days after fertilization
54
Implantation of the blastocyst into the endometrium occurs at
within 12 days post fertilization
55
The crown-rump length measurement may be used up to the gestational week
12th week
56
What is the most common pelvic mass seen in 1st trimester pregnancy
corpus luteum cyst
57
An ovum without an embryo is known as
anembryonic or blighted
58
A hemorrhage located between the gestational sac and the placenta represents
Subchonionic Hemorrage
59
Ectopic pregnancy most commonly occurs in the
fallopian tubes
60
There is an increased risk of complete hysterectomy when an ectopic pregnancy is located in the
interstitial part of the fallopian tube bleeding out
Cervix highest risk of hysterectomy
61
The most common cause of vaginal bleeding in the 1st trimester is
subchorionic hemorrhage/ implantion bleed
62
Poor prognosis is generally seen in embryos with heart rates below
90 bpm
63
A heterotopic pregnancy is
one pregnancy in the uterus and one outside the uterus
64
This structure carries oxygenated blood from the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava
ductus venosus
65
This term indicates the fetal head is toward the fundus of the uterus
breech
66
The total number of pregnancies is called
gravida
67
This indicates the liver is on right, stomach on the left, and heart apex on the left
normal situs
68
The three vessels found in the umbilical cord are
one vein and 2 arteries
69
The cranial bones ossify by
12 weeks
70
The cavum septum pellucidi is observed in front of the:
thalami
71
Which of the following shunts blood away from the lungs
ductus arteriosis
72
Beyond 20 weeks of gestation, a renal pelvis is considered abnormal when measuring greater than
8-10 mm
73
The normal lateral ventricle measures less than
1 cm
74
The abdominal circumference is the
circumference taken at the level of the spine, stomach and umb vein. Should be more circular than oval
75
This is a sonographic sign that refers to the shape of the cerebellum when a spinal defect is present
banana sign
76
The biparietal diameter is the measurement of the fetal head at the level of the
thalami
77
The condition that shows the fetal head elongated in the transverse diameter and shortened in the anteroposterior diameter is known as
brachycephaly
78
The most accurate measurement for determining gestational age is the
CRL
79
Frontal bones of the cranium that collapse forward describes
lemon head
80
Flattening of the fetal skull is called
platacepheli
81
A condition in which the fetus is not growing as fast as normal is termed
IUGR
82
Measurement of the biparietal diameter is taken from the
outside to inside of the skull
83
The assessment of the fetus to determine fetal well-being, including evaluation of cardiac non-stress test, observation of fetal breathing movement, gross fetal body movements, fetal tone, and amniotic fluid volume, is known as the
Bio Physical Profile
84
The normal amniotic fluid index (AFI) should range between
10-20 normal
5-10 LLN
20-24 ULN
85
incorporates all fetal growth parameters, biparietal diameter, head circumference, abdominal circumference, femur.
Age Range Analysis
86
IUGR is most commonly defined as a fetal birth weight
at or below 10 for given gestational age
87
The chorionic plate is related to
the fetal side of the placenta
88
The major functioning unit of the placenta is
the villi
89
The placenta performs all of the following functions
respiration, nutrition, excretion, protection, storage, hormonal production
90
The primary cause of placentomegaly is
maternal diabetes
91
This is produced by the umbilical cord and membranes, the fetal lung, skin, and kidney
amniotic fluid
92
Sonographic signs of polyhydramnios include all of the following
freely floating fetus, AFI greater than 24 cm,
93
Which method is used for visual assessment of amniotic fluid volume
subjective assessment
94
This technique is both valid and reproducible in assessment of amniotic fluid volume
AFI
95
Persistent oligohydramnios in the second trimester, regardless of the cause, carries a
poor prognosis
96
# reverse
Broad ligaments
Ligaments that contain uterine blood vessels and nerves
97
# reverse
round ligament
A Ligament between another ligament
98
# reverse
(A-B/mean), A=peak systolic, B=end diastolic
PI ratio
99
# reverse
(A-B/A) A=peak systolic, B=end diastolic
Pourcelot Resistive Index RI
100
# reverse
(A/B) A=peak systolic, B=end diastolic
S/D Ratio
