final review from quizlet Flashcards
1
Q
What is the physiologic status of prepuberty
A
c. Premenarche
2
Q
Which one of the following arteries sheds blood during menses
A
b. Spiral
3
Q
Which one of the following muscle groups may be seen in the false pelvis along the lateral sidewall of the pelvis
A
b. Iliopsoas
4
Q
Which one of the following ligaments contains the uterine blood vessels and nerves
A
a. Broad
5
Q
Which one of the following ligaments occupies the space between the layers of another ligament and occurs in front and below the fallopian tubes
A
c. Round
6
Q
Bending forward of the fundus and body of the uterus toward the cervix is called which one of the following positions
A
b. Anteversion
7
Q
The normal size of the menarchal uterus should measure ___ cm long and ___ cm wide
A
c. 8;4
8
Q
The superficial layer of glands and stroma of the endometrium is called which one of the following
A
b. Zona functionalis
9
Q
The ovary produces two hormones, Estrogen is secreted by ___, whereas progesterone is secreted by the ____
A
a. Follicles; corpus luteum
10
Q
The release of an egg from the ruptured follicle is termed which one of the following
A
c. Ovulation
11
Q
The vagina has two sources of blood supply; they are the
A
b. Uterine artery and vaginal artery
12
Q
The ovaries are laterally supported by which one of the following ligaments
A
d. Suspensory
13
Q
A mature follicle is known as a ___ follicle
A
b. Graafian
14
Q
A mature follicle typically measures ___ cm right before ovulation
A
c. 2
15
Q
The endometrium demonstrates the “three-line” sign in which one of the following phases
A
b. Proliferative
16
Q
The retrouterine space is also known as which one of the following
A
c. Posterior cul-de-sac
17
Q
The pelvic recess between the anterior bladder wall and the pubic symphysis is which one of the following
A
d. Space of Retzius
18
Q
Abnormally heavy or long menses is termed
A
b. Menorrhagia
19
Q
Depending on the menstrual cycle, the inner lining of the uterine cavity that appears echogenic to hypoechoic on ultrasound is which one of the following structures
A
d. Endometrium
20
Q
Menarche may be defined as which one of the following
A
a. The state after reaching puberty during which menses occur every 21 to 28 days
21
Q
The Doppler measurement that takes the highest systolic peak minus the highest diastolic peak divided by the highest systolic peak is which one of the following
A
c. Porcelot resistive index
22
Q
Which one of the following are small vessels found along the periphery of the uterus
A
b. Arcuate vessels
23
Q
The Doppler measurement that uses peak systole minus peak diastole divided by the mean over one cardiac cycle is the _____ index
A
a. Pulsatility
24
Q
The endometrium is at its greatest thickness and echogenicity with posterior enhancement in which one of the following phases
A
d. Luteal
25
The difference between the peak systole and the peak diastole is the ___ ration
b. S/D ration
26
Which one of the following techniques uses a catheter inserted into the endometrial cavity with the insertion f the saline or contrast media to fill the endometrial cavity to demonstrate abnormalities within the cavity or uterine tube
c. Sonohysterography
27
To image the fundus of the uterus with transvaginal sonography, the transducer should be angled so that the handle is positioned as described in which one of the following
a. Closer to the bed
28
With endovaginal sonography, the cervix of an anteverted uterus is seen in the ___ of the screen, whereas the fundus of the anteverted uterus is found in the ___ of the screen
d. Right side; left side
29
The thickness of the endometrium should be measured in which one of the following planes
b. Longitudinal
30
The transvaginal transducer should be soaked in disinfectant between uses for a minimum of \_\_\_\_
b. 10 to 20 minutes
31
Symmetrical bilateral pelvic masses are likely to be which one of the following
c. Pelvic muscles
32
The middle layer of the uterus is which one of the following
d. Myometrium
33
The thin outer layer of the uterus is separated from the immediate layer by which one of the following
c. Arcuate vessels
34
Flexion refers to the axis of the uterine body relative to the \_\_\_\_
c. Arcuate vessels
35
In transvaginal scanning, the scanning plane that is 90 degrees from the sagittal plane is the ___ plane
d. Coronal
36
Nabothian cysts are found near which one of the following anatomic structures
c. Endocervical canal
37
Arcuate artery calcifications are observed in patients who are \_\_\_\_
c. Postmenopausal
38
Which one of the following techniques is the best way to measure the cervical-fundal dimension of the uterus
c. Transabdominal
39
Sonohysterography is usually performed on premenopausal women between days ___ of the menstrual cycle
b. 6 and 10
40
Limitations of translabial scanning may be overcome by which one of the following
c. Elevating the patient's hips
41
After the transducer has been soaked in a Cidex-type solution, which one of the following is an important step to ensure safe handling
b. Check the transducer face for damage
42
Which one of the following ligaments provides support to the cervix
b. Cardinal
43
The clinical signs of a 32-year-old woman with an enlarged uterus on physical examination and a history of cyclic profuse and prolonged bleeding with increasing pain most likely represent which one of the following
b. Leiomyoma
44
Which one f the following is the most common site for a leiomyoma to occur
d. Intramural
45
Complications in deliver may occur with pregnancy if a fibroid is located in or near which one of the following structures
c. Near the cervix
46
Hydrometra appears sonographically as a(n) \_\_\_\_\_
c. Sonolucent fluid collection in the uterine canal
47
A benign invasion of the endometrial tissue into the myometrium is known as which one of the following conditions
c. Adenomyosis
48
Which one of the following conditions is described as a hyperplastic protrusion of the epithelium of the cervix that may be broad based or Pedunculated
c. Cervical polyps
49
Which one of the following sonographic characteristics is the most common finding in endometrial carcinoma
b. Abnormal thickening of the endometrial cavity, usually with irregular bleeding in Perimenopausal and postmenopausal women
50
A small percentage of leiomyomas are located in which one of the following structures
d. Cervix
51
Which one of the following is most likely the result of an acquired condition with obstruction of the cervical canal
c. Cervical stenosis
52
The size and shape of the normal uterus are related to all of the following except
a. Family history
53
Which one of the following locations of a fibroid will most likely cause heavy irregular uterine bleeding
b. Submucosal
54
The most common cause of uterine calcification is which one of the following
d. Myomas
55
On ultrasound, the characteristic appearance of a degenerating leiomyoma is \_\_\_
b. Heterogeneous
56
Which one of the following statements about Adenomyosis is false
a. Elevated progesterone levels may promote the growth of myometrial islands of endometrium
57
Uterine arteriovenous malformation (AVM)
c. Involves the myometrium
58
The endometrium should be measured from ___ layer to ___ layer
b. Hyperechoic; hyperechoic
59
Endometrial hyperplasia develops form which one of the following
a. Unopposed estrogen stimulation
60
A 3-day postpartum woman complains of intense pelvic pain. Sonographically the uterus appears hypoechoic with an irregular endometrium. This condition most likely represents which one of the following
c. Endometritis
61
In postmenopausal patients, an endometrial thickness of less than ___ mm reliably excludes an endometrial abnormality
b. 5
62
Only \_\_\_% of women with postmenopausal bleeding have endometrial carcinoma
a. 10
63
Patients on Tamoxifen therapy have an increased risk of which one of the following reactions
a. Endometrial hyperplasia, endometrial poly, endometrial carcinoma
64
A 28-year-old woman reports left lower quadrant pain, her last menstrual period was 2 weeks earlier. Sonographically the uterine body displays a highly echogenic structure in the endometrial cavity. This appearance most likely represents which one of the following conditions
c. Intrauterine contraceptive device (IUD)
65
Irregular, acyclic bleeding is defined as which one of the following
b. Metrorrhea
66
In which of the following structures might a Gartner's duct cyst be found
d. Vagina
67
In a patient after a hysterectomy, the normal vaginal cuff should not exceed ___ cm
b. 2
68
Theca-lutein cysts are associated with high levels of which one of the following hormones
d. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
69
A hypoechoic mass adjacent to the ovary is most likely which one of the following masses
b. Endometrioma
70
A tumor that may mimic gas or feces in the pelvis is which one of the following masses
d. Dermoid
71
The Dermoid tumor is typically associated with which one of the following ultrasound signs
c. Tip of the iceberg
72
Which one of the following cysts occurs when a dominant follicle does not succeed in ovulating but remains active although immature
c. Follicular
73
The most common adnexal mass found during early pregnancy is which one of the following cysts
a. Corpus luteal
74
A mucinous cystadenoma is all of the following except
d. Thick with irregular walls and septations
75
Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma most frequently occurs in women over the age of ____ years
c. 40
76
Which one of the following pelvic organs is more commonly involved with metastatic disease
b. Ovaries
77
The normal ovary exhibits which one of the following characteristic appearances
b. Homogeneous echotexture
78
Simple ovarian cysts in the postmenopausal women are not likely malignant when measuring less than ___ cm
c. 5
79
Sonographic criteria for a simple ovarian cyst include all of the following except
c. Posterior shadowing
80
An ovary is generally considered abnormal if its volume is ___ the size of the contralateral ovary
b. Twice
81
Which one of the following statements about polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is false
c. PCOS occurs in the middle-to-late 30s
82
In PCOS the ovaries have which one of the following shapes
a. Rounded
83
Paraovarian cysts arise from which one of the following structures
d. Broad ligament
84
A specific diagnosis of a Paraovarian cyst is possible only by
b. Demonstrating an ipsilateral ovary separate from the cyst
85
Ovarian carcinoma is classified into four stages. Stage II is limited to which one of the following
a. Pelvis
86
The most common benign tumor of the ovary is which one of the following masses
c. Dermoid
87
Which one of the following masses is a rare but benign ovarian neoplasm most often seen in postmenopausal women
b. Thecoma
88
Functioning endometrial tissue is present outside of the uterus in which one of the following common conditions
b. Endometriosis
89
The partial or complete rotation of the ovarian pedicle on its axis is defined as which one of the following
d. Ovarian torsion
90
Which one of the following statements about ovarian torsion is false
d. The left ovary is three times more likely to develop torsion that the right
91
Which one of the following pelvic organs is more involved with metastatic disease
c. Ovary
92
Which one of the following endocrine disorders is associated with chronic anovulation
a. Polycystic ovarian syndrome
93
An infection that involves the fallopian tube and the ovary is called which one of the following conditions
b. Tubo-ovarian abscess
94
Risk factors in pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) include all of the following except
b. Single sexual partner
95
Which one of the following statements about PID is false
d. PID confers a decreased risk of ectopic pregnancy
96
d. PID confers a decreased risk of ectopic pregnancy
d. PID confers a decreased risk of ectopic pregnancy
97
Which one of the following statements about the fallopian tube is false
c. The tube is best seen transabdominally
98
Early in the disease the clinical presentation of both PID and endometriosis may mimic which one of the following
c. Functional bowel disease
99
PID is an inclusive term that refers to all of the following pelvic infections except
b. Endometriosis
100
Which one of the following is the most common cause of PID
b. Sexually transmitted diseases
101
Fusion of the inflamed dilated tube and ovary is called which one of the following
d. Tubo-ovarian complex
102
Which one of the following is an infection within the uterine serosa and broad ligaments
b. Parametritis
103
The differential considerations of a solid-appearing adnexal mass include all of the following except
c. Hydrosalpinx
104
The differential considerations of PID may include all of the following except
c. Serous cystadenoma
105
Sonographic findings of PID include all of the following except
b. Endometriosis
106
Enlarged ovaries with multiple cysts and indistinct margins describe which one of the following conditions
a. Peri-ovarian inflammation
107
Sexually transmitted PID is spread via which one of the following
b. Mucosa
108
A complex adnexal mass most likely represents which one of the following
d. Pyosalpinx
109
Perihepatic inflammation ascending from a pelvic infection is called ____ syndrome
b. Fritz-Hugh-Curtis
110
An asymptomatic 32-year-old woman is diagnosed with a left adnexal mass on physical examination. A history of PID has been reported. Transabdominal and transvaginal images demonstrate an anechoic tubular structure in the left lower quadrant. This finding most likely represents which one of the following
b. Hydrosalpinx
111
A 24-year-old woman has a fever, vaginal discharge, and intense pelvic pain. Transabdominal and transvaginal images demonstrate a complex multiloculated irregular mass in the pouch of Douglas. This clinical presentation most likely represents which one of the following
b. A tuboovarian abscess
112
A 25-year-old woman complains of painful menstrual cycles and infertility. Transabdominal and transvaginal images demonstrate a hypoechoic well-defined adnexal mass. Normal ovaries are seen bilaterally. This sonographic appearance most likely represents which one of the following
c. Endometrioma
113
Which one of the following statements about diffuse endometriosis is false
b. Endometriosis is easily diagnosed by sonography
114
Inflammation of the serious membrane lining the abdominal cavity and covering the viscera is which one of the following
c. Peritonitis
115
A pelvic abscess will likely appear as which one of the following
a. Complex cul-de-sac mass that distorts the pelvic anatomy
116
Which one of the following statements about infertility is false
b. Infertility affects one in three couples in the US
117
When evaluating the patient who is infertile, in addition to assessing structural anatomy, the sonographer should evaluate the
a. Endometrium
118
The uterine anomaly most frequently associated with a high incidence of infertility is a ___ uterus
a. Septate
119
The triple-line sign is associated with which one of the following structures
c. Endometrium
120
The fallopian tubes are evaluated by a sonographic and saline examination to determine which one of the following characteristics
b. Patency
121
A dominant follicle grows at a rate of ___ to ___ mm per day (mm/day)
d. 1;3
122
Patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome may have the clinical triad of all the following characteristics except
c. Bulimia
123
Complications associated with assisted reproductive technologies include all of the following except
c. Cervical stenosis
124
After ovulation, progesterone is secreted by which one of the following
c. Corpus luteum
125
Endometrial thickness of at least ___ mm is necessary for achieving pregnancy
b. 6
126
Lack of progesterone production is known as which one of the following
b. Luteal phase deficiency
127
The T-shaped uterus is a congenital anomaly caused by which one of the following
a. In utero exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES)
128
In the luteal phase, the endometrial lining may be thinner than expected from an inadequate level of which of the following
b. Progesterone
129
Which one of the following tends to have a narrow base attachment to the endometrium with a vascular pedicle feeding it
a. Endometrial polyp
130
A hyperechoic linear strand of tissue extending from one wall of the uterine cavity to the other describes which one of the following
c. Uterine synechiae
131
A normal endometrial response associated with overstimulation is an increasing thickness between 2 to 3 mm and ____ mm
c. 12 to 14
132
Producing more luteinizing hormone (LH) than follicular stimulating hormone (FSH) results in which one of the following conditions
c. Polycystic ovarian syndrome
133
Which one of the following us used as a substitute for luteinizing hormone (LH) to trigger ovulation
d. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
134
Which one of the following syndromes demonstrates enlarged ovaries with multiple cysts, abdominal ascites, and pleural effusion
c. Ovarian hyperstimulation
135
Ovarian induction therapy requires documentation of all follicles greater than ___ mm in both longitudinal and transverse planes
b. 10
136
Which one of the following hormones and follicle size determine the approximate time of ovulation
d. Estradiol
137
During in vitro fertilization, the optimal placement of the embryos is considered to be within 2 cm of the apex of which one of the following structures
c. Uterine fundus
138
Multiple gestations occur in approximately \_\_\_% of in vitro fertilization (IVF) pregnancies
b. 30
139
Patients who undergo assisted reproduction procedures have an increased risk factor for a(n) ___ pregnancy
b. Heterotopic
140
On a baseline pelvic ultrasound, an ovarian cyst greater than ___ mm could interfere with ovarian stimulation
d. 15
