Test part 2

Question 1

DNA has four nitrogenous bases, what are they?

Answer 1

ATGC

adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine

Question 2

The backbone of DNA is composed of what?

Answer 2

Deoxyribose sugar and phosphates

Question 3

Why is DNA important?

Answer 3

It’s the complex chemical that carries genetic information

It is the genetic blueprint for life

It allows organisms to grow and repair damaged cells

Question 4

What is base pairing?

Answer 4

Rules describe the arrangement of the nitrogen bases between two DNA strands

Question 5

What pairs with what in base pairing?

Answer 5

A pairs with T and C pairs with G

Adenine and thymine

Cytosine and guanine

Question 6

What is replication?

Answer 6

The process by which DNA is copied

Question 7

What does DNA polymerase do?

Answer 7

Enzyme that adds nucleotides to exposed nitrogen bases

Question 8

What does RNA polymerase do?

Answer 8

Enzyme that catalyzes the formation of RNA on a DNA template

Question 9

What is helicase?

Answer 9

Enzyme that separates DNA by breaking the hydrogen bonds that link the nitrogen bases

Question 10

What are the three differences between DNA and RNA?

Answer 10

DNA:

1: found in nucleus
2: sugar is deoxyribose
3: bases are A,T,C,G

RNA: 
1: found in nucleus and cytoplasm 
2: sugar is ribose 
3: Bases are A,U, C, G 
SINGLE STRAND

Question 11

mRNA

Answer 11

Takes instructions from a gene to make a protein

Question 12

tRNA

Answer 12

Transfers amino acids to the ribosome to make protein

Question 13

rRNA

Answer 13

Where protein synthesis occurs, makes up ribosomes

Question 14

Where does transcription of DNA to form a molecule of mRNA take place?

Answer 14

In the nucleus of eukaryotic cells and in the DNA-containing region in the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells

Question 15

Name the steps of replication

Answer 15

1. Hydrogen bonds between nucleotides break
2. Strands of DNA separate
3. Free nucleotides are attracted to exposed bases on the loose strands of DNA
4. Hydrogen bonds between nucleotides form

Question 16

What term refers to loose DNA inside of a nucleus?

Answer 16

Chromatin

Question 17

During what part of the cell cycle is the DNA in a cells nucleus replicated?

Answer 17

End of synthesis

Question 18

During what part of the cell cycle is the DNA in a cell condensed into chromosomes?

Answer 18

Beginning of Mitosis

Question 19

Overview

Answer 19

DNA acts as a template for the synthesis of RNA during transcription, RNA directs the proteins during translation

Question 20

Difference between DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase

Answer 20

DNA polymerase synthesizes a DNA strand

RNA polymerase is used to transcription to synthesize the mRNA strand

Question 21

Benign tumor

Answer 21

Non cancerous

Question 22

Malignant tumor

Answer 22

Cancerous

Question 23

Invasive tumor

Answer 23

Destroys healthy tissue

Can break off and spread

Question 24

Gregor Mendel

Answer 24

Father of genetics

Discovered the basic principles of heredity in his garden

Question 25

What plant did Gregor Mendel use

Answer 25

Garden peas cause they were easy to grow, short generation time, could be self pollinated
Chose true breeding
Cross pollinated plants

Question 26

Sex linked genes

Answer 26

The genes on the X chromosome that have no matching genes on the Y chromosomes

Usually recessive

Question 27

Hemophilia is

Answer 27

Recessive and x linked

Question 28

Pedigree

Answer 28

a diagram showing genetic relationships between members of a family

Question 29

Structure of DNA

Answer 29

4 base pairs
4 nitrogen bases
Double helix

AT
CG

Question 30

Watson and crick

Answer 30

Discovered the structure of DNA

Question 31

RNA structure

Answer 31

Single strand
Uracil base
Ribose sugar

Question 32

Differences between RNA and DNA

Answer 32

DNA-double helix, thymine, deoxyribose sugar

RNA-uracil, single strand, 3 types, ribose sugar