Biology Test

Question 1

Carbohydrates

Answer 1

A macromolecule

Sugars and starches

Consists of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

2 hydrogen for every 1 oxygen

Question 2

Types of carbohydrates

Answer 2

Monosaccharides
Disaccharides
Polysaccharides

Question 3

Monosaccharides

Answer 3

Simple sugars

Ex: glucose, fructose, galactose

Question 4

Monosaccharides…..

Answer 4

Contain energy in bonds

Question 5

Dehydration synthesis

Answer 5

When water is removed and sugars are covalently bonded

Question 6

During dehydration synthesis….

Answer 6

A bond is formed between the -OH bonds of each monosaccharide

(OH from one bonds with the H of another H goes to H20)

Question 7

A disaccharide is formed from…

Answer 7

The 2 sugars

Question 8

Disaccharides

Answer 8

Double sugar (glucose+glucose) 
Ex) table sugar

Question 9

Polysaccharides

Answer 9

Excess sugar

Formed by joining monosaccharide units

Ex) cellulose and glycogen

Question 10

Hydrolysis

Answer 10

When polysaccharides are split apart to form monosaccharides

Question 11

Lipids

Answer 11

A macromolecule

Lipids store energy (C-H) bonds

Form biological membranes

Chemical messengers

Fats, oils, and waxes

Question 12

Saturated and unsaturated lipids

Answer 12

Saturated are solid at room temp
C-C

Unsaturated are liquid at room temp
Have at least one C=C

Question 13

Proteins

Answer 13

A macromolecule

Made of nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

Polymers of amino acids

Question 14

Amino acids

Answer 14

There’s 20 different amino acids which can form to make over 1000 different proteins that make up living tissue

Question 15

Function of proteins

Answer 15

Carry out chemical reactions

Let molecules in and out of cells

Question 16

Enzymes

Answer 16

Most are proteins

Question 17

Nucleic acids

Answer 17

A macromolecule

Organic molecules made of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorous atoms

Question 18

Nucleic acids are made up of

Answer 18

Nucleotides

Question 19

2 types of nucleic acids

Answer 19

DNA

RNA

Question 20

Function of nucleic acids

Answer 20

Store and transmit genetic information

Question 21

Dehydration synthesis is also referred to as…

Answer 21

Condensation reaction

Question 22

What’s inside the nucleus

Answer 22

Neutrons and protons

Positive and neutral charge

Question 23

What’s outside the nucleus?

Answer 23

Electrons (negative charge)

Question 24

Valence electron

Answer 24

Present in the outermost unfilled shell of an atom that participate in bonding and chemical reactions

Question 25

Covalent bond

Answer 25

2 atoms share 1 or more valence electron

2 nonmetals

Question 26

Ionic bond

Answer 26

Transfer of electrons
Formed by electrical attraction between 2 oppositely charged ions
1 metal and 1 nonmetal

Question 27

Solute

Answer 27

What is being dissolved

Question 28

Adhesion

Answer 28

Property of water

Sticking together of one substance to another

Question 29

Cohesion

Answer 29

Property of water
Ability of molecules to stick together
Results in surface tension
Water attracts other water molecules

Question 30

What creates surface tension?

Answer 30

Cohesion

Question 31

Capillary action

Answer 31

Adhesion and cohesion in action

Process of pulling water up against gravity in plant vessels

Question 32

Why is water a polar molecule

Answer 32

It’s bonded together by polar covalent hydrogen bonds

Sharing is not equal; Oxygen attracts electrons more strongly than hydrogen

The charge is not equal

Question 33

What is the PH

Answer 33

Refers to the dissociation of water molecules

Question 34

What are buffers

Answer 34

Substances that minimize changes in PH

Question 35

What is an acid

Answer 35

When acids dissolve in water they donate H+ to the solution

An acid is a substance that increases the H+ concentration

Question 36

What is a base

Answer 36

A substance that reduces the H+ concentration