Test part 1 Flashcards
What does PMAT stand for
Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
What happens in prophase
Chromosomes condense
Mitotic spindle forms
Centrioles move to opposite ends of the cell
What happens in metaphase (meet in the middle)
Chromosomes attached to spindle fibers
Kinetochores from chromosome attach to microtubules
Chromosomes form line down the middle
What happens in anaphase (a for apart)
Chromatids separate
Chromatids move to opposite poles
What happens in telophase
Two new daughter nuclei
Cells elongate
Cleavage Furrow
Chromosomes appear as chromatin
MITOSIS ENDS
What is cytokinesis
Cells split in two
What is interphase
The point of the cycle where the cell organelles and DNA are duplicated
PREPARES CELL FOR DIVISION
What happens in G1 of interphase
The organelles are duplicating except for DNA
Cell is growing
What happens in S of interphase
DNA and chromosomes replicate
What happens in G2 of interphase
Prepare cell for mitosis
Checks for errors
Cell continues to grow
Centrosome/ centrioles form
What do check points do
Regulate the cell cycle Give "stop" and "go ahead" signals Found in G1, S, G2 of interphase Transmitted by signal transduction pathways Will commit suicide if problem is found
Diploid cell
(2n) cells that have two copies of every chromosome
Haploid cell
(1n) have one copy of the chromosomes
Half of a full set
Gametes
Sex cells (egg, sperm)
Somatic
Body cells
What is crossing over
The exchanging of genes between chromosomes
When does crossing over happen
The early stage of prophase 1
Why is crossing over important
It allows genetic variability
What is a tumor
Mass of abnormal cells that are growing uncontrollably
Homologous chromosomes
One chromosome from father and one from mother
Not identical, similar
Sister chromatids
Identical
Formed from the homologous pairs
What is meiosis
The production of gametes
(PMAT x2)
Cell division occurs twice
Creates 4 daughter cells
What is the goal of meiosis
To make daughter cells with exactly half as many chromosomes as the starting cell
(Diploid to haploid)
What happens in meiosis one and meiosis two
1- homologue pairs separate
2- sister chromatids separate
How do u cross traits
First 1,3 1,4 2,3 2,4
Rosalind franklin
Rosalind franklin-first to come up with an X-ray photograph. She died early because of all the radiation exposure
Nucleotide
Three parts of a nucleotide-Nitrogenous base, phosphate, deoxyribose sugar
Amino acids
Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. Basically the adenine thymine cytosine and guanine stuff
