Test part 1

Question 1

What does PMAT stand for

Answer 1

Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

Question 2

What happens in prophase

Answer 2

Chromosomes condense
Mitotic spindle forms
Centrioles move to opposite ends of the cell

Question 3

What happens in metaphase (meet in the middle)

Answer 3

Chromosomes attached to spindle fibers
Kinetochores from chromosome attach to microtubules
Chromosomes form line down the middle

Question 4

What happens in anaphase (a for apart)

Answer 4

Chromatids separate

Chromatids move to opposite poles

Question 5

What happens in telophase

Answer 5

Two new daughter nuclei
Cells elongate
Cleavage Furrow
Chromosomes appear as chromatin

MITOSIS ENDS

Question 6

What is cytokinesis

Answer 6

Cells split in two

Question 7

What is interphase

Answer 7

The point of the cycle where the cell organelles and DNA are duplicated

PREPARES CELL FOR DIVISION

Question 8

What happens in G1 of interphase

Answer 8

The organelles are duplicating except for DNA

Cell is growing

Question 9

What happens in S of interphase

Answer 9

DNA and chromosomes replicate

Question 10

What happens in G2 of interphase

Answer 10

Prepare cell for mitosis
Checks for errors
Cell continues to grow
Centrosome/ centrioles form

Question 11

What do check points do

Answer 11

Regulate the cell cycle
Give "stop" and "go ahead" signals
Found in G1, S, G2 of interphase
Transmitted by signal transduction pathways
Will commit suicide if problem is found

Question 12

Diploid cell

Answer 12

(2n) cells that have two copies of every chromosome

Question 13

Haploid cell

Answer 13

(1n) have one copy of the chromosomes

Half of a full set

Question 14

Gametes

Answer 14

Sex cells (egg, sperm)

Question 15

Somatic

Answer 15

Body cells

Question 16

What is crossing over

Answer 16

The exchanging of genes between chromosomes

Question 17

When does crossing over happen

Answer 17

The early stage of prophase 1

Question 18

Why is crossing over important

Answer 18

It allows genetic variability

Question 19

What is a tumor

Answer 19

Mass of abnormal cells that are growing uncontrollably

Question 20

Homologous chromosomes

Answer 20

One chromosome from father and one from mother

Not identical, similar

Question 21

Sister chromatids

Answer 21

Identical

Formed from the homologous pairs

Question 22

What is meiosis

Answer 22

The production of gametes
(PMAT x2)
Cell division occurs twice
Creates 4 daughter cells

Question 23

What is the goal of meiosis

Answer 23

To make daughter cells with exactly half as many chromosomes as the starting cell

(Diploid to haploid)

Question 24

What happens in meiosis one and meiosis two

Answer 24

1- homologue pairs separate

2- sister chromatids separate

Question 25

How do u cross traits

Answer 25

First
1,3 
1,4
2,3
2,4

Question 26

Rosalind franklin

Answer 26

Rosalind franklin-first to come up with an X-ray photograph. She died early because of all the radiation exposure

Question 27

Nucleotide

Answer 27

Three parts of a nucleotide-Nitrogenous base, phosphate, deoxyribose sugar

Question 28

Amino acids

Answer 28

Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. Basically the adenine thymine cytosine and guanine stuff