test over unit 4 (Greece only) (ppts and notes) Flashcards
vocab: main city of the Minoans
Knossos
vocab:altar, chapel, or other sacred place
Shrine
vocab:colorful paintings completed on wet plaster
Fresco
vocab: conflict between Myceanea and Troye (described in the Illiad and Oddessey)
Trojan War
vocab: narrow water passage
Strait
vocab: author of the Illiad and the Oddessey
Homer
vocab: city state in Ancient Greece
Polis
vocab: highest and most forfeighted point within a city state
Acropolis
vocab:legal member of a country
Citizen-
vocab: a form of government in which the state is ruled by a monarch
monarchy
vocab:
government headed by privileged minority or upper class
Aristocracy
vocab: government in which ruling power belongs to a few people
Oligarchy
vocab: in Ancient Greece, a massive tactical formation of heavily armed foot soldiers
Phalanx
vocab: city state in Ancient Greece settled by the Dorians and built as a military state
Sparta
vocab: city state in Ancient Greece that evolved from a monarchy to a limited direct democracy and became famous for its great cultural achievements
Athens
vocab: a form of government in which citizens hold political power
Democracy
vocab: in Ancient Greece, ruler who gained power by force
Tyrant
vocab: lawmaking body
Legislature
vocab: Formal agreement between 2 or more nations or powers to cooperate and come to one another’s defense
Alliance
vocab: a fixed salary given to public office holders
Stipend
vocab: system of government in which citizens participate in daily affairs of government rather than through elected representatives
Direct democracy
vocab: group of people with authority to make a decision in a legal case
Jury
Vocab: practiced in Ancient Greece to banish or send away a public figure who threatened democracy
Ostracism
Vocab: led Athens through the golden age
Pericles
Vocab: someone who seeks to understand and explain life, a person who studies philosophy
Philospher
Vocab: rational thinking
Logic
Vocab: art of skillful speaking
Rhetoric
Vocab: in Ancient Greece, a play about human suffering often ending in disaster
Tragedy
Vocab: chief temple of Greek Goddess Athena
Parentheon
Vocab: philosopher that sought truth through questioning
Socrates
Vocab: student of socrates, wrote philosophical dialouges, and founded the Academy in athens
Plato
Vocab: student of Plato, philosopher, writer of many branches of knowledge, founder of the Lyceum, and tutor of Alexander the Great
Aristotle
Vocab: Father of History
Herodotus
Vocab: muder of a public figure, usually for political reasons
Assasination
Vocab: absorb or adopt another culture
Assimilation
Vocab: one of the Greatest cities in the Medditeranean world
Alexandria
Vocab: mathmatician and philosopher
Pythagoras
Vocab: based on belief that the sun is the center of the universe
Heliocentric
Vocab:famous Hellenistic mathmatician
Archimedes
Vocab: father of medicine
Hippocratus
Vocab: restored peace to Macedonia, built effective army, formed alliances with many Greek states. Was assisinated
Philip II
Vocab:In Ancient Greece, play that mocked people or social customs
Comedy
Vocab:
Phillip II’s son, student of Aristotle, at age of 20 inherited all of Phillip’s territories, founded and conquered A LOT of land. Died super early at the age of 32
Alexander the Great
2 Greek playwrights
Aeschylus
Sophocles
War between Athens and Sparta
Peloponnesian War
Alliance of Greek states against Persia
Delian league
Term for voting to banish someone from a city state
Ostracism
Abolished debt slaver
Solon
3 battles of the Persian war
Plataea, marathon, salamis
Athenian tyrant
Psistratus
Republic and idea of ideal forms philosopher
Plato
What where the dates of the Minoans?
2000 BC
What where the dates of the Mycenaeans?
1600BC - 1200BC
What was an extremely profitable trade product for the Minoans?
Olive oil
What was the name for the type of art on the Minoan walls?
Frescos
How did the Mycenaeans provide water to their main city?
Through a cistern
What was the main island of the Minoans?
Crete
What was the name of the main city for the Minoans?
Knossos
Which civilization had domed tombs?
The Mycenaeans
Which civilizations had indoor plumbing?
The Minoans
Goddess whose name was adopted by Athens
Athena
paintings in watercolor done on wet plaster that decorate minoan palace walls
freascos
analyzed different type of government and living by the golden mean
aristotle
10 neighborhoods or townships that determined Athenian civilization
Demes
Winner of the Peloponnesian War
Sparta
Victory of the Athenians against Darius I’s Persians in 490 B.C.
Marathon
Athenian philosopher who argued every object on Earth had an Ideal form
Plato
Spartan last stand against the Persians under King Leonidas
thermopylae
Athenian Philosopher who taught by asking question
Socrates
tyrant who seized power in athens giving poorer citizens a greater voice
Pisistratus
Greek author of Comedies such as The Clouds and Lsistrata
Aristophanes
Set up the Council of 500 and made the assembly a legislature for Athens
cleisthenes
greek term for their city state
polis
father of history
herodotus
Athenian naval victory over the persian fleet
Salamis
people who gained power in a city by force
tyrants
persian ruler who sent armies to invade Greece in 480 BC
xerxes
Athenian statesman who led Athens into a golden age
pericles
athenian leader who outlawed debt slavery
solon
native peoples conquered and enslaved by the spartans
helots
wrote the trojan woman
euripides
greek battle formation
phalanx
type of government where power is in the hands of a small wealthy elite
oligarchy
battle where an alliance of Greek city states defeated the persians, ending the wars
platea
athenian leader who urged Athens to build up the navy and defenses
Themistocles
hill top, often forfieted, in the center of a Greek city-state
acropolis
voting to banish a citizen from atehns for 10 years
ostracism
an alliance of Greek City states organized and dominated by athens
delian league
greek infantry soldier
hoplite
famous war retold in the Illliad
trojan war
Greek playwright and author of tragadies such as Antigone
Sophocles
chief officials in athens
archon
ahtenian who wrote the Histroy of the Pelopennisian War
thucydides
the most powerful of the Olympian Gods
Zeus
Minoan king’s palace
knossos
blind poet and probable composer of the Illiad and the Oddessey
Homer
Which Greek Philosopher was a teacher who asked questions about everything, tried to get people to think, charged with corrupting the youth of Athens, challenged the original beliefs of Gods, never wrote anything but his student Plato did, and died from drinking poison hemlock (berries)?
Socrates
Which Greek Philosopher that you live your best life when you live in moderation, had a misogynist theory of women, was very logical, believed that all logic makes sense in 1 major system, was more evidentiary, and believed that we understand reality and out truth through the sense?
Aristotle
how many islands does Greece have?
over 2,000
t or f
when people gathered at agora or acropolis, they discussed the government of the city
true
Which Greek Philosopher did not believe in direct democracy, killed Socrates, liked the idea of a republic, famed for ideal form, believed that we know what we know because your soul knew it before you did, had a theory that the ideal form of everything before we existed, and had a religion named Neoplatonism that was adapted in Christianity?
Plato
where did the Greeks orignially settle?
turkey
where did people usually gather in classical Greece?
agora (marketplace) , or acropolis
where does the word polis come from?
politics
what are the 4 types of Greek Government?
monarchy, aristocracy, oligarchy, and tyrants
what does a monarchy type of rule consist of?
a single king type of rule
what does an oligarchy consist of?
a government ruled by a few powerful people
what does an aristocracy type of government consist of?
a government ruled by hereditary nobility
what does a tyrannical government consist of?
leaders who seized power, claimed to work for ordinary
where did representative government begin?
Athens
who took power of Athens in 621 BC?
Draco
t or f
When Draco took power of Athens, he imposed a very severe law code that was Draconian or very strict.
true
Aristocracy ->
democracy
who are the 5 most important politicians of Classical Greece?
Draco, Solon, Cleisthenes, Pisistratus, Pericles
what where the main values of Athens?
education, freedom, individuality, beauty
what where the values of Sparta?
power, strength, discipline, duty, and loyalty to group
t or f
Women in Sparta where restrained and had no freedom and where weak
False, women in Sparta where strong, and had a lot more freedom compared to women in Athens
what was the government like for Athens?
they made reforms after Draco, they created classes based on Wealth, they organized citizens into 10 groups based on location, and created the Council of Five Hundred.
what was government like for Sparta?
they had an assembly which was open to all citizens, elected officials, and voted on major issues, had a Council of Elders: 30 older citizens, proposed laws to assembly, and had 2 kings which ruled over Sparta’s military force
t or f
the Greeks used an army of ordinary citizens
true
what are foot soldiers who stand side by side?
hoplites
what is a battle formation that the hoplites use where they hold their sheild and spear in front?
Phalanx
what are the 4 battles of the Persian War?
marathon
salamis
Plataea
Thermopylae
t or f
the Persians conquered Greece Lands
true
T or f
the Greeks revolted and Athens sent Aid during the Persian Wars
true
t or f:
Persian King Daruis defeated rebels and vowed to destroy athens during the persian wars
true
t or f
the battle of marathon was a greek loss
false, it was a victory
which of the 4 major battles of the Persian was did Darius’ son Xerxes, send army to Athens in 480 BC, where they had to pass through Thermopylae, but stopped by 7000 Greeks, including 300 Spartans, where the Greeks where betrayed and all 300 Spartans died, and Xerxes destroyed Athens?
Thermopylae
during which of the 4 major battles of the Persian war did Courier run 26 miles to announce the win of the Greeks against Persia to Athens, then Athenians prepared to defend their city, returning soldiers reinforced Athens, and the Persians turned away?
Marathon
t or f
the delian league drove persians out of Greece
true
t or f
the battle of Thermopylae was a Greek Loss
true
t or f
the Battle of Plataea in 479 BC was a Greek victory against the Persians
true
t or f
athens led Delian league and controlled other League members
true
how did Geography Influence life for people in classical Greece?
they had a lot of water, as well as mountains, and lived in independent communities with not very much surplus, had poor farmland and mostly only grew olives, and had moderate temperatures so people didn’t wear heavy clothing.
t or f:
the myceaneans and the Minoans traded by sea
true
t or f:
the Myceneans and the Minoans help form the core of Greek religious practices, art politics, and literature
true
t or f
in 1200 BC Myceneans fought against troy, but no one knows where troy is
true, it is believed that it might be coastal city in Turkey because of some evidence found through excavations
did the Myceneans disappear before or after the Dorian period?
before
t or f
the Dorians where less advanced than the Myceneans
true
t or f
the Dorian’s economy collapsed and their trade stopped, and they lost their ability to write during the Dorian Age
true
t or f
Gods had inhuman qualities, but did not live forever
false, they had human like qualities and unlike humans, they lived forever
how did people learn about history before things where written down?
through spoken word
who composed the Iliad and the Odyssey
Homer
According to the Law Code of Crete, can you kidnap a man before taking him to court first?
no, you cannot kidnap a man before taking him into court or else you will have to pay a fee, higher for free men and lower for slaves.
according to the Law Code of Crete, can you sue someone without kidnapping them?
yes
According to the Law Code of Crete, can you rape someone of a higher class than you?
no
According to the Law Code of Crete, can you seduce someone as long as you are aware of the when and the where?
yes
According to the Law Code of Crete, how much does rape and adultery cost you in terms of fines?
100 slaters
According to the Law Code of Crete, do women have property rights?
yes
According to the Law Code of Crete, if a husband and a wife divorce, will a woman have her own property that she came with to her husband, and half of the income if it be of her own property?
yes
According to the Law Code of Crete, can you divorce people?
yes
t or f:
According to the Law Code of Crete, in the case of a divorce, a woman can take her weavings
true
According to the Law Code of Crete,
if a woman becomes a widow, can she re-marry?
yes
According to the Law Code of Crete,
if a woman becomes a widow, can she take her kids things?
no
According to the Law Code of Crete,
if a widow shall die childless, should all of her things be given back to her family?
yes
According to the Law Code of Crete, if a woman bears a child while living apart from her husband after the divorce, what should she do?
show the father of the kid, and he decides whether the baby is his or not his and whether the baby shall live or be killed
According to the Law Code of Crete,
if a dad dies, what does the son get?
all of it
According to the Law Code of Crete,
if a dad dies, what does a daughter get?
half of it
According to the Law Code of Crete,
if a woman marries a slave, will her kids be slaves?
yes
According to the Law Code of Crete,
can you sell someone else’s property?
no
According to the Law Code of Crete,
does a woman have to marry her family?
yes, whether that is her uncle, her brother, or someone else in the family, or else the marriage can be forced to the point of going to court.
According to the Law Code of Crete,
can adoption occur?
yes, but you need witnesses, you need to be male, must be older than puberty’s age.
According to the Law Code of Crete,
can a son die his money?
no
According to the Law Code of Crete, if you adopt a kid and it dies, who does the property return to?
the extra kids in the family
According to the Law Code of Crete,
if you did not follow the rules in the law code because they where not written in the moment, will you be punished?
no, but you just can’t do it from now moving forward.
t or f
pericles was an athenian leader
true
what where Pericles’ 3 goals?
- strengthen Athenian democracy
- hold and strengthen empire
- glorify athens
what isa form of government in which citizens rule directly and not through representatives?
direct democracy
Athens led and organized the _____ ______ which strengthened the Athenian navy
Delian league
How was Athens glorified?
money was used from the Delian league to beautify Athens to build things such as the Parthenon to honor Athens and form classical art
who built the first theaters?
pericles
what is a tragedy?
a serious drama about common themes including love, hate war, or betrayal
who where 3 tragedy Greek Playwrights?
Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides
what two genres of theater are the Greeks best known for?
comedy and tragedy
who is considered the first historian?
Herodotus, since he accuratley reported events from the time
who is considered the greatest historian of the classical age?
Thcydides
who believed the past would repeat itself?
Thucydides
Who was the Pelopennisian war fought between?
Athens and Sparta
what did Pericles, who was part of Athens, do during the Peloponnesian war?
he called everyone into the city walls, and a plague swept through the city, killing 1/3 of population
what year was a truce signed between Athens and sparta?
421 BC, but peace did not last
in 404 BC, which group surrendered with its allies and they lost their empire?
Athenians
King Philip II of Macedonia wanted to take control of?
Persia
after preparing for the Invasions of Greece, who defeated the Greeks and planned to invade Persia next but never got to do so because he was assassinated?
Philip of Macedon
t or f
alexander the great was King Philip’s son
true
t or f:
alexander the Great learned from aristotle
true
who carried out his father’s plan to invade persia?
Alexander the Great
T or f:
Alexander invaded Persia and forced King Darius III to flee, and took control of Anatolia or what we know modernly as Turkey
true
T or F:
alexander the Great was named pharoah when he invaded Egypt
true
Who did Alexander defeat in Mesopotamia that allowed for his empire to expand to India?
Darius
T or F:
Alexander was eventually forced to return home
true
When Alexander was forced to return home, what did he plan to do?
he planned to organize and unify his empire, but he died before he could do so.
How was Alexander’s empire divided once he passed away?
it was divided between 3 generals
What was the cultural impact Alexander had?
he incorporated Persian customs and people into armies, Greek settlers adopted new ways of life and a new culture known as Hellenistic culture emerged which had a blend of both Greek and Eastern customs
Which Egyptian city became the center of Commerce and Hellenistic civilization?
Alexandria
t or f
alexandria was a city of great beauty
true, it had lots of museums and temples, stone lighthouses called Pharos, and had the first research library in the world.
t or f:
by 150 BC, the Hellenistic world was in decline
true, since Rome had gained strength.
t or f:
Greek culture was preserved and eventually became part of western Civilization
true
