test over Rome Flashcards
a people who inhabited early Italy
Etruscans
system of government in which officials are chosen by the people
Republic
a member of the land holding upper class
Patrician
a members of the class that include farmers, merchants, artisans, and traders
Plebeian
an official from a patrician class who supervised the government and commanded the armies
Consul
ruler who has complete control over a government
Dictator
an official elected by the plebians to protect their interests
Veto -block a government action
Tribune
block a government action
Veto
the basic unit of the ancient Roman army, made up of about 5,000 soldiers
Legion
domination by one country of the political, economic, or cultural life of another country or region
Imperialism
huge estates bought up by newly wealthy Roman citizens
Latifunda
population count
Census
an economic cycle that involves a rapid rise in prices linked to a sharp increase in the amount of money available
Inflation
soldiers serving in a foreign army for pay
Mercenaries
a Roman Plebian who became a tribune and lobbied for government reform. He was killed in 133 BC by gangs hired by Roman senators
Tiberius
was the brother of Tiberius and a plebian political reformist who sought to limit senatorial power. He advanced checks and balances to minimize financial influence. Like his brother, he was murdered by things hired by the Roman Senate.
Gaius Gracchus
was a Roman general, a master of political maneuvers, and a reformist. He advocated for the organization of Rome’s government. In 47 BC, he became a dictator, and 3 years later was assassinated.
Julius Caesar
the first Roman Emperor of the newly established Roman empire. Augustus’s rule began a long-lasting period of peace and wealth known as Pax Romana.
Hadrian -Roman Emperor from AD 117 to AD 138. Considered one of the “Five Good Emperors”, he codified Roman law and traveled extensively, uniting the empire
Augustus
the Roman general who became Emperor. To make the government more effective, he divided the large empire into East and West and appointed a co-emperor.
Diocletian
First Roman Emperor to become a Christian. During his reign, he prevented the persecution of Christians and helped to strengthen the early church.
Constantine
the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire; capital of the Byzantine and Ottoman empires, now called Istanbul
Constantinople
a nomadic people of central Asia
Huns
to make fun of
Satirize
picture made of chips of colored stone or glass
Mosaic
application of math and science to develop useful structures and machines
Engineering
in ancient Rome, an underground or bridge-like stone structure that carried water from the hills to the city.
Aqueduct
Roman astronomer, philosopher, mathematician, and geographer who incorrectly theorized that the Earth was the center of the universe. He lived in Alexandria, Egypt where he studied the planets and stars and developed a system to explain their movements.
Ptomley
a Roman poet who wrote Aeneid in 30 BC. He studied mathematics and other subjects in Rome and Naples and was inspired by Greek poets.
Virgil
savior sent by God
messiah
the sacred writings of the Christian religion
Christian Bible
leader or teacher of a new faith or movement
Apostle
a person who suffers or dies because of his or her beliefs
martyr
the body of people who conduct Christian services
Clergy
high-ranking church official with authority over a local area, or diocese
Bishop
in the Roman and Byzantine empires, the highest church official in a major city
patriarch
head of the Roman Catholic Church; in ancient Rome, bishop of Rome who claimed authority over all bishops
Pope
religious belief that is contrary to the official teachings of a church
Heresy
an early opponent of Christianity who, after having a vision, was converted to the teachings of Jesus. He became a missionary to spread the teachings of Jesus.
Paul
a Christian scholar whose written works had long-lasting effects on the Christian religion. He studied in Roman Africa and went on the become a bishop.
Augustine
2 classes in Rome
Patricians and Plebeians
2 sides in the Punic Wars
Rome and Carthage
Got elephants over the Alps and terrorized Rome for over a decade
Hannibal
2 leaders who ran the Senate and let armies
Consuls
General in 1st Punic War whose name might work for a dog
Hamilcar Barca
Term for the Father of the family who had life or death power over his children
Paterfamilias
Organization of 6000-8000 troops each in Roman army
Legions
The position that could veto the Senatev
tribune
Marriage in which a woman did not pass under her husband’s control
sine manus
St. Helena’s son who conveted to Chrisitianity
Constantine
Extrememly violent Germaans who settled in North Africa
Vandals
Term for money paid for killing people in Germanic Law
vv
Wergeld
Roman bishop who wrote the history of the Franks
Gregory of Tours
Law that legalized Christianity
Edict of Milan
Pope who protected Rome from Atilla
Leo I the Great
Visagothic leader who sacked Rome
Alaric
year Rome Fell
476
Persecuted Chrisitians and split the Empire
Diocletian
Who is the host?
Peter Weller
As the video plays, what are the 4 big enginerring/ architectural achievements highlighted in the video? What do the engineering accomplishments reveal about the Byzantine/Eastern Roman Empire?
1.Aqueduct bridges
2. Basilica cistern
3. Theodosian walls
4.Haiga Sofia
It reveals how much ahead of their time they were and how powerful they where. It also shows how much they cared about their people.
What major challenges did emperors after Constantine face in providing for the population of Constantinople? How did they solve it?
Only one aqueduct and a huge population. They built a large aqueduct
What natural disaster repeatedly challanged the city of Constantinople and its engineering?
Earthquakes
Why was Constantinople able to fend off the Huns and the other attackers when Rome could not?
The Theodosian walls and triple line of defense
How did the Byzantines/Eastern Roman Empire defend Constantinople from naval attacks?
A massive iron chain
Who was Justinian’s wife and co-ruler?
Theodora
What was the hippodrome?
The center stadium for social public life for chariot racing
What where the 4 team colors?
Blue, green, red, white
How much of Constantinople was destroyed in the Nika riots against Justinian?
⅓
Who persuaded Justinian to stay and not flee the Nika riots?
Theodora
How many may have been killed suppressing the Nika riots?
30,000
What was the name of the Cathedral built or re-built by Justinian after the Nika riots?
The Church of Holy Wisdom/ Haiga Sofia
The 11th century Byzantine emperor described by the video as “The most brilliant military mind the Byzantines ever produced” was who?
Basil II
When did Constantinople and the Roman/Byzantine Empire fall?
1453
Who died on the ides (15th) of March in 44 BC?
Julius Ceasar
What River did Ceasar want to cross?
Rhine
How long did it take the Romans to build Ceasar’s bridge?
10 days
What was the propaganda advantage of building the bridge rather than taking boats?
Show that he could go anywhere he wanted
When and by whom was Rome founded?
Romulus and Remus in 753 BC
The Roman marketplace was called what?
Forum
What was a new and powerful building material developed by the Romans?
Waterproof concrete
What where the three major infrastructure projectd completed by the Romans?
Aqueducts
Piers
Highways
How much water was transmitted daily into Rome?
200 million gallons
Why was Claudius an unlikely choice for emperor?
He had a stutter, a limp, and people did not like him, (possible cerebral palsy)
What were 3 achievements of Emperor Claudius?
Conquered Britania
2 major aqueducts built and the arch
What was the name of the niece and 4th wife of the Emperor Claudius?
Agrippina
Where where 2 reasons people hated the Emperor Nero?
Nero took ⅓ of the land and burned it and kept it for himself
Killed Agrippina (his own mom)
Where are the remains of Nero’s palace?
Under modern Rome
What where 2 unique aspects of it (Colosseum)?
Tallest Rome structure of ancient times
Retractable roof
What where the specific steps Pliny took to discover the truth in the issue of the Christians?
He interrogated them and asked if they where Christians. If someone confessed to being a Chrisitian, he would interrogate them a 2nd and 3rd time, threatening them with punishment. If they presisted, then he would proceed with execution. If someone denies being Chrisitan, he lets them go. If they where Romans and confessed to being Chrisitians, then they where simply sent back to Rome.
What is one thing that was fair that Pliny did?
Giving Chrisitans the benefit of the doubt instead of immediately killing them without proving them to be “guilty or innocent”, and allowing the chance for them to deny and be able to live.
What is one thing that was unfair that Pliny did?
Forcing people who had denied being Christian to curse God in Pagan rituals because regardless of if you agree with someone else’s beliefs or not, you should not do things like that solely out of respect, even if you disagree.
What do Pliny’s actions suggest about Roman legal procedure?
Torture is part of Roman law, and a sort of innocent until proven guilty situation also occurs.
What does Pliny think of Christians?
He sees them as a disease or inffection, and as stupid and stubborn people.
How do Pliny’s letters compare/contrast with Christ’s trial?
They compare to Christ because questions were asked and if they were Christians, in the case of Christ he was the King of the Jews and the Son of God, and if proven true, they where killed/ he was killed. They are different in the sense that they were tortured and the people were not asked of the person’s fate.
What were Emperor Trajan’s attitudes toward justice?
He was very fair. If someone is entirely proven to be Christian, then they should be punished and not through anonymous letters and that seems fair. If they were, then through apologizing they would be ok. He did not believe in persecution.
