test over unit 1 and 2 Flashcards
the first civilizations in the Americas differed from the first civilizations in Africa and Asia because they…
developed in mountain valleys, fertile lowlands, and highland areas
one of the basic features of civilization is
organized government
as villages grew into cities, social organization became more complex. People were ranked according to
their jobs
immediate changes in ancient civilizations were often caused by
environmental changes and events
as methods of cultural diffusion, what do migration, trade, and warfare have in common
they each cause interaction between people from different cultures
how did the development of spoken language help Stone Age people
It allowed people to cooperate and perhaps make plans for the future
why are the roots of the Neolithic Revolution traced to the development of farming
farming allowed people to live in permanent villages year-round
how did the social structure develop in settled farming villages during the Neolithic Revolution
Men began dominating social, political, and economic life
what would be different about modern society if the Neolithic Revolution had not occurred?
people would not live in large towns and cities
the most likely reason Neolithic peoples formed governments was because they
organize large public works projects
the study of past people and cultures through their material remains?
archeology
earliest civilizations developed around what geographic feature
rivers
a political unit that includes a city and its surrounding lands and villages is called what?
city-state
people who moved from place to place in search of food are called what
nomads
the belief that spirits inhabit plants, animals, or other natural objects is known as?
animism
first written languages where written in what form?
cunieform
what are objects made by humans and studied by historians
artifacts
what is the name given to the oldest complete humanoid skeleton
Lucy
the pivotal change in human societies from hunting and gathering to a more settled way of life based on agriculture and domestication of animals was?
Neolithic Revolution
what are some ways we can learn about a civilization without understanding their written records?
We can learn about them through the artifacts they left behind
Why do historians believe that the Harrapan Civilization was mostly peaceful
Historians believe this because there is no evidence of war. There is no evidence of war in any form including art, war weapons, or signs of destruction to prove otherwise
what evidence suggests that many people moved to Mohenjo Daro from far away? Why might people travel long distances to Harrapa
The evidence that helps prove the theory of migration into Mohenjo daro is by analyzing their teeth. They also saw the art that showed people wearing a variety of clothing and hairstyles. They also probably moved for trade.
Because people in Harappa were not fighting, what other skills could they develop
they developed skills in architecture and plumbing
why would having standard and uniform weights and measures be important for a civilization?
because it can help build in relation to the topography of the region
What modern conveniences and technology did the people of Harrapan have?
pulmbing and architecture
The _______ civilization was able to achieve a peaceful society where war was not fought. Becuase of this, they where able to develop modern day skills such as plumbing and architecture
Harrapan
group of hominids nicknamed the handy man because archeologists originally thought they where the first group of hominids to use stone tools. However, they did create stone tools, and used them to do things such as cut, scrape, chop, or saw plants, animals, or wood.
Homo habilis
earliest group of homonids
Australopithecines
upright man since their skeletons showed they where fully upright walkers . They where known to have large brains and bones and small teeth compared to other groups. Believed to be the first group to create fire. Created the first tool called a hand axe and their remains have been found throughout Europe and Asia.
Homo erectus
Theory that states that Homo Sapiens first lived in Africa and then migrated to other areas of the world.
Out of Africa Theory
modern day humans
homo sapiens
One of the two groups that originally developed from homo sapiens, that spread through out the world.
early modern humans
the two groups that emerged from homo sapiens
Neanderthals and earliest modern humans
where did Neanderthals mostly live
Europe and Asia
After Neanderthals died out, what is the other group that even still to this day is the only hominid group still on earth.
modern day humans
what are the two sections human prehistory is divided into?
the old Stone Age (paleolithic period)
(2 million - 12,000 years) +
the new Stone Age (neolithic period)
(12,000 - 5,000 years)
what where many people in the old stone age?
nomads
what where the roles of men and women in the old stone age
women: gatherers
men: hunters
people who move from place to place in search of food
nomads
during which two periods did people work with stone
Old Stone Age and New Stone Age
during this stone age, people developed skills and technology
New Stone Age
did humans use fire 1 million years ago?
yes
what are some advantages from the use of fire
cooking, keeping animals away, staying warm
Where Paleolithic people nomads?
yes
about how many people where in each paleolithic nomad group?
20-30
what do strategies for survival depend heavily on
the environment they are in
T or F
the people from the Old Stone Age adapted accordingly to their environments
True
what where some tools that people in the Old Stone Age created?
digging sticks, spears, axes from stone, bone and wood
what events caused spoken language to occur
hunting and they started to use it for plans in the future
belief that inhabited plants animals or others
animism
where is the ancient civilization of sumar located
in between the tigris and euphraties
land between the rivers
mesapotamia
region of the middle east where civilizations first began
fertile cresent
unpredictable flooding, no natural protection, and limited resources where all challanges of which ancient civilization
mesapotamia
invented the wheel, the sail, the plow, math, and geometry along with cuniform
sumer
epic of gilgamesh
sumer
where was sargon the great from
greece
t or f
sargon the great defeated the city states of sumer
true
world’s first empire
Akkah/ Sargon the great
t or f
the middle east was peaceful in ancient times
false
150 years after sumer
babylon
Babylon empire reached it’s peak during the reign of
Hammurabi
t or f:
hammarubis law is very violent
true
What age entered with the Hitties
iron age
where did the Hitties come to mesapotamia from
Asia Minor or Turkey
what where the Hitties experts in
iron work
what did good iron work allow the hitties for
larger armies
how many years since sumer had passed when the assyrians conquered mesapotamia
2,000
possibly the first people to use cruxcification
Assyrians
t or f
the assyrians had a reputation for being cruel
true
founded the first library with work from the whole fertile cresent
assyrians
who did the assyrians fall to?
nebuchadnezzar from the New Babylonian empire
t or f
babylon had 2 parts to it
true
who did the second round of Babylon fall to
Persia
t or f
the persians hated their people and where very strict
false, they where very tolerant and allowed people to keep their customs and religions
who unified the persian empire
Daruis I
what system was established by Darius I once he unified Persia
beureaucracy
how was persia divided once daruis took over
provinces and was governed by satraps (governers)
who established common weights and measures in Persia`
Darius I
founded by zoroaster; rejected polytheism in favor of monotheism ; belief of good god in constant battle with evil ; belief of good judgement and afterlife
Zoroastrianism
powerful traders in the Mediterranean
Phoenicians
most important city states of the phoenicians
tyre and sidon
had colonies along nothern coast of africa and coasts of sicily, sardinia, and spain
phoenicians
who created an alphabet
the phoenicians
