test over china ming all that Flashcards
region from which the Portuguese were allowed to trade with China
macau
jesuit missionary who was allowed to enter china and travel to peking
matteo ricci
meaning of ming
brilliant
farmer and founder of the ming dynasty
hongwu
country the mongols tried but failed to conquer because of the weather
japan
title for those who passed the county exam
cultivated talents
mongols favorite animal
horses
mongol khannate in russia
golden hoard
how many ming naval expiditions were there
seven
mongol dynasty in china
yuan
mongol emperor who founded a dynasty in china
kublai kahn
mythical chinese animal
chi-lin
man-made north south chinese waterway
grand canal
what is a nearsighted american marsupial
oppusum
new food introduced into china by trade with the spanishb
peanuts
valuable chinese trade item
porcelian
jesuit missionary to japan who failed to be allowed into china
francis xavier
castrated slaves who served the royal family
eunuchs
founder of the mongol empires
genghis khan
morrocan explorer who travelled farther and longer than marco polo
ibn batuta
divine wind
kamakazi
son of the first emperor who overthrew his nephew
yongle
great ming admiral
zheng he
City/penninsula the Portuguese where allowed to trade from?
Macao
Jesuit who died waiting to be allowed into China
Francis Xavier
Great Ming admiral
Zheng He
3rd Ming emperor who overthrew his nephew
Yongle
2 regions/countries conquered by the Ming and kept as clients
Korea and Vietnam
2 chinese products Europeans wanted
Silk and porcelain
Jesuit who was allowed into China
Matteo Ricci
Founder of the Ming dynasty
Hongwu
City the Spanish used to trade with Chinese merchants
Manila
Emperor who expanded China to its greatest extent
Qianlong
Term for elaborate bows foreigners had to perform to emperor
Kowtow
Pastel color porcelain introduced by jesuits
Familie rose
Jesuit painter and his Chinese name
Giuseppe castiglione/ lang shi-ning
Name of treaty in 5 languages in 1689 that protected northern border
Treaty of Nerchinsk
1st great Qing Emperors
Kangxi
Title of great anthology
Complete writings of the 4 treasuries
Meaning of Qing
Pure
Debate between jesuits and Franciscans/
Dominicans over allowing Chinese Christian’s to practice ancestor worship
Rites controversy
what were the last 3 dinasties?
mongols/yuan dinasty (1261sh-1368) conquered China
ming dinasty (1368-1644) which were the last native dinasty along with the Han who drove out the mongols
Manchu or ching/qing dinasty (1644-1911) Conquered China
T or F Did the mongols use cruelty as a weapon?
true, some people never even recovered.
What dinasty did Kublalkhan belong to?
the Yuan dinasty
What europen explorer can be connected to around the same time as Kublakhan?
MarcoPolo
T or F, The 14th century China, similarity to Europe, had problems with plage, famine and peasent revolts?
True
Around what time did China face political problems which helped with the decline of the yuan, and caused trouble for the mongols?
1330-60s
what did the political problems include?
palace intrigue, where around 1307-1333 China saw 7 rullers whom none lived past the age of 30, compared to KublaKhan for the mongold who was now 80, along with the excessive taxes and negletion of water for agriculture, which led to the peasent revolts
T or F,Hongwu ran an autocratic gov
true
what were 4 ways Hongwu set his power?
- There were no longer noble families to challenge his rulethanks to the mongols
- People were used to absolute rule because mongols
- The government was not hereditary, cuz of civil service and had educated scholars that govern each county or (scholars beaurocrats)
- Secret police
who was the farmet who helped lead the peasent revolts during the decline of the yuan?
Chu Yuan Chang /or Zhu Yuan Zhang
in what year did Chu Yuan Chan take nanking?
1356
in what year did ChuYuanChang drive out the last Yuan/Mongols and start the Ming dunasty?
1365
What name did ChuYuanChang take once he became epmeror of the ming?
Hongwu
T or F Hongwu was a great warrior?
true, he was known as a bountes warrior
in about what year did Hongwu take control of China?
1368-82ish
T or F, Hongwu did NOT call the mandate of heaven?
F, it was one of the first things he did
Name 5 of Hongwu’s military sucess
- Invaded Mongolia and burnt Kaiakorum
- Expanded north to the lake Baikal
- Expanded west into central asia
- Re-established dominance over Korea and south east asia
- Walled Nanking
T Or F Hongwu’s army was very powerful
true, since he was a rebel who came to power through an army so he took care of them
What are the three countries become part of the international trade with the ming?
Portugal in Macao 1557, Spanish in Manila and Dutch in Taiwan
About how big was the Ming Army?
About a million by the 17th century
What Products did they trade?
Silk, Porcelain and cotton
True or False; Others tried to copy Ming porcelain?
True
True or False; The porcelain industry almost start an industrial revolution?
True
True or False; Military service was hereditary?
True along with a very easy test
How did Hongwu pay soldiers?
He gave them land in the depopulated North thanks to the Mongols
Hungwu had problems with succesions?
True because his oldest son died, so he left his kingdom to his grandson, but he was just a child.
True or False; Do the later Ming have to pay actual salaries to armies?
True, because large armies = more taxes
Who was Hongwu’s grandson?
The Prince Os Yen
Once Prince Os Yen grews up, what were three Important thing that he did?
- Revolts and cause a 3 year civilian war
- Takes Nan King
- He flees
True or False; The Prince Os Yen goes to become the Yangce Emperor
True
True or False; The Prince Os Yen becomes the third Ming Emperor?
True, from 1402 to 1429
True or False; The Yongle Emperor ( Prince Of Yen) executed suporters including friends, family Os Nephew including scholar burocrats?
True
What were the last three dynasties?
- Mongoois/Yuan Dynasty (1206 ish to 1368) Conquered China
- Ming Dynasty (1368- 1644) Which were last native Dynasty along with the Han who drove out the Mongols
- Man Chu or Ching/Quing Dynasty (1644 -1911) Conquered China.
What are the three Important laws from Hongwu?
- Great Ming law code (Super influential)
- Protection for Peasents
- Confucion passed classes.
In terms of economy, How did Hon Wu’s views different from the mongols?
The Mongols were conquers so they really didn’t care about infraestructure or the mandate of heaven in comparison to Hon Wu, He first of an began as farmer and he improved his economy by taking care of his farmers. He repopulated the north with freed slaves and soldiers. He remit the taxes in the north and gave land grants the seeds, tools and animals. Overall, he favored cities and large states.
True or False; The Ming Dynasty was a boom in farming technology and innovation
True
True or False; Hong Wu put in civil service exam?
True and those who passed were called cultivated talent.
How often was the civil exam?
1 every 3 years
What were the 3 levels of passing the civil service exam?
- County - Cultivated special talents special robe.
- Provincial - Elevated man
- Metropolitan- Presented scholar
How was Yongle’s power base different from his dad’s?
- He distrusted his royal
- Executed those loyal to his nephew
- Gave the rest honors stipend but no his power.
- Banned rest of powerful positions in governmnet.
- He relied on evanichs
- Ignore His dad’s advice.
How was the Yongle Military?
They had a lot of Military prestige stamped on the Mongols 5X, conquered annexed Vietnam, sponsored the naval expeditions 1405-1435 Os Zheng He.
who was kangxi tutored by?
the jesuits
What happened after Zhenghe Youngest d death?
The naval maps were lost and ships got banned under influence of scholar burocrats.
How many naval expeditions did Zheng he lead?
7 Whew they denominated the waters of south east Asia & Indian ocean
who was kangxi raised by?
his grandmother and uncles and reagents
which disease did kangxi survive that killed his dad?
smallpox
at what age did kangxi become ruler?
13 or 15
t or f kangxi values education a lot
true
who manished the last ashikaga shogu
oda nobunaga 1534-1582
t or f oda nobunaga was a daimyo
true since he had 2 names
where was oda nobunaga based in?
honshu near kyoto where he welcomed missionaries to attract the portugese merchents.
Why did Oda Nobunaga want to attract the portuguese merchants?
because he wanted fire arms
because of the firearms, how did this influence oda nobunaga?
he adopted western weapons and tactics and built fortresses, destroyed poilitcal and religious opponents
what did a few warlords who conquered large parts of japan tried to do by conquest using western weapons who acquired large domains within Japan?
they tried to unify Japan, but it resulted in violence, murder asssasination,etc
t or f missonaries where more succesful in jaoan than in china?
true
which shogunate made castles built on hills in different provinces, had power shift from above to below, had europeans arrive in japan bringing furearms, and christianity and had christianaity and foreign trade flourish
the period with just warlords
what did the japanese code of chivalry imply?
justice loyal defense courage fatih and humilty
t or f the japanese had their own variation of the mahayana from of buddhism?
true, it reincofreced the bushido values of mental and self discipline
who refused to submiss to kublai khan
bakufu (shogun’s government)
what year did kublai khan demand japan’s submission?
1266
what year did 25,000 mongols land at hakata bay?
1247, and it was a fight between massed cavalry vs individual samuri, the mongols then left
how much of the mongols force was of from the storm?
1/3
True or False; Yongce built Pekin?
true near old raced Yuan capitol when macee a vulnerable location, because Peking was in such a well nearby location.
What did Yongle do?
Built the great wall and seawall
What where 3 pros civil exam?
- You were part of the stable educated scholars who kept China running.
- Upward mobility and brings new blood into government.
- Impressed Jesuits
because of the mongolian invasion, after 1274, what did bakufu do?
he made a wall around hakata bay
What were 2 cons of civil exam?
- restricted creativity
- Political jealousy burocrats vs eunucus
Which European country along with Cihina star exploring in the 1430s-1440s?
Portugal
Why the porcelain business not become an industrial revolution?
They continued to have human workers, because they had too many workers & it gave jobs to multiple people.
What was the social hierarchy of ancient Ming?
Scholar, farmer, artisan, merchant but the merchants grew in popularity and importance.
During the end of the Ming were books important?
Yes as by the end of the Ming more book where published in China than in the rest of the world.
What other products did the Ming create?
Metal, lacher and paper
What type of books were being published during the time of the Ming?
grammar, anthologies and novels
What are the 3 examples of the books from the Mings?
- Lo Kaanchung’s the romance of the strongooms
- All nun are brothers
- Anonymous the golden lotus
What was the mostly in the Ming?
Trade was mostly imports, but they did not want to much from Europe as in terms of Technology, all they had was a estable currency and clocks, however they did have a lots of new crops.
What crops from Europe did they Ming have?
Maize, sweet potato, peanuts and tobacco.
How did the new crops from Europe affects China?
it affects population growth and city growth
Which the Jesuit ared waiting to get into China & had previously explored India, South East Asia & Japan?
Francis Xavier
during which shogunate did Japan close off all trade, except with the dutch and chinese, had christian persecutions, centralized government, had domestic trade, merchants became rich, and new art forms like haikus and kabuki came to be?
tokugawa
t or f did tokugawa ever go to korea?
flase because he wanted to centralize his power and expand his land
what year did tokugawa claim shogun position?
1603
what are key things tokugawa do as a shogun?
killed yoshi’s heirs, centralized and organized goverment, created laws to keep family shogun, kept 1/4 of arable land for imself and his family, surrounded ownlands with kins and allies, created laws to wecken rivals, tore down castles and forbade cities and fixed old ones, created rules, for daimyo, had a secret police, and religious orthdoxy
True or False: Because of Matteo Ricci, more Jesuits came in to China?
True
which Jesuit was allowed and built a church impressed the Chinese?
Matteo Ricci
True or False: what did the Chinese grant the Jesuit?
They granted them land for the mission, church and cementery near the not City as Pekin
once tokugawa dies in 1605, who was the power behind?
shogun until 1616 whom assured the succesion
when tokugawa’s son ws ruling, he ordered aall japanese to?
renounce christianity or die and had all missionaries leave or be executed
who was the tokugawa shogunate established by?
Tokugawa Ieyasu
What countries did tokugawa ban from trade, and which where and exception?
he banned portugal, spain, and england, and exceptions where the dutch, who where allowed 2 ships per year and china with licensce
Who are the 2 leaders of the Manchurians when they rose to move?
- Nurhachi (The chief 1559 - 1626)
- Abani (His son 1592-1693)
What did the edict 636 prohibit?
Prohibited the Japanese from leaving or returning, no oceans with ships, and limited contact with SE Asia and Europe but not China
T or F Japan was isolated but protected the falls behind west
true
When the Ming Emperor when did the Manchiruans come in from?
Wan Li China , north wall,eastern wall
What are the 3 key points that led to the fall of the Ming?
1.The lack of Ming being undistinguished & Lazy
2. Paverst and ruggles because no prime minister & scholar vseuhuchs
3. Government expenses, cos of expeditions defending from Corea and themselves from the Manchuri, emperor raises taxes and more rebellions.
T or F The Japanese adopted Confucian classes
true
T or F because Hide Yoshi enslaved a bunch of people, Korean potters brought to Japan
Yes and it cost the ming emperors who had dealt with it
What did his invasion cost part of
it cost part of the cycle at the end of the ming causing Korea to fall in a few decadetes to manchu
In what year 140000 mongols returned to Hakatabay, but couldn’t get in cuz of the wall?
1281
By what Year the Ming Emperor become bankrupt?
1693
What happened in Peking in 1644?
Rebels took Pekin, besieging the last Ming Emperor and his family
what natural disaster i 1281 caused the mongols to lose 60-90% of their people and cause the japanese to claim they where saved by the Kamikaze or divine wind?
Typhon
what were wat led to the fall of the last Kamakura Shogun in 1333?
Strain and infighting
How do the Ming General go to save the Emperor in Peking?
By inviting the Manchuri in to help to opening the gates of the great wall of them.
How did the last Emperor die?
Killed himself so he wouldn’t become captive by rebels
Which Shogunate fought for power, had unclear laws, were less efficient than the Kamakura, and has armies of samurai protecting the country?
Ashikaga Shogunate
True or False:The Ming General and the Manchuri defeat the rebels and take Peking to avenge the Ming but they were to late?
true
What was other thing that Hide Yoshid did to prevent others to become powerful?
- Confiscated peasants’ weapons.
- fixed people in social classes
- banned Christianity (not really enforced though)
What did HideYoshid do to win glory?
Invaded China, but stand by invaded Koreas 2 times (1592 and 1597)
which shogunate had a vibrant tumoulous era which was infljuenced by ming china
ashikaga
which shogunate had civil wars amoung daimyo, weak shoguns, and piracy?
ashikaga
t or f during the ashikaga shogunate japan expierced cultural and economic growth?
true
how did oda nobunaga die?
seppuka
what was the timeline of feudal japan in terms of rulers?
- kamakura shogunate (1185-133 ish), which was minamoto yontomo
- ashikaga shogunate (1136-1573 ish),
which was ashikaga takauji - 16th century war lords
Oda Nobunaga (toyatomi) Hideyoshi - Tokugawa Shogunate (1600-1868)
by tokgawa ilyasu
what is a daimyo?
great name of feadual lords of japan
what is samuri?
japanese warrior aristrocrats of medival and early modern times
what is the kamikaze
divine wind which enabled the japanese to fight off mongol invaders
what is sapuka
an honorable method of ritual suicide performed by japanese samuri that invovled diembowlement
t or f knagxi made infrastructure repairds such as irrigation works, flood prevention with bridges and grand canal, and seed flooding from the yellow river?
true
what is neo confucianism?
an 11th and 12th century revival of confucainism throug with dpeical emphasis on love and responsability towards others
t or f kangxi did not travel in his kigdom
false he traveled everywhre in his kingdom
what are 4 key things Kangxi did in terms of the military
- defeated the southern ming princes (loyalists) in 1673-81
- took taiwan (last ming hold out ) in 1683
- dealt with the northern threat russia and mongols repeatedly
- established treaty of nerchinsk with russia in 1689 to protect the northern border Chi’ing China with a lot of northwall
t or f kangxi worked for a good government with no currpotuon
true along with personal intel network
what did kangxi do to adminsiter provinces
appointed more chinese to high positions than dorgan
did kangxi raise taxes?
no, and he implemented a period of no taxes
what vaccine did kangxi implement
small pox
what did kangxi ban?
0acrificing of slaves and concubines at funerals
how many kinds and concubines did kangci have
56 kids and 30 wives, 29 concubines
at what age did yang zhe take power?
45
t or f was yangzhe hard working with experineced military leaders
true
t or f youngzhe was a good and honest ruler
ture
whose power did yong zhe reduce to put into his own hands
princes and generals
what was qiannlong a patron of
art and literature and was a succescful military leader
who expanded china to its greatest sixe ever?
qianlong
who did china conquer under the rule of qianlong?
tibet, part of central asia, vietnam, and nepal
which manchu emperor wrote about 43,800 poems with 100 about his first wife
qianlong
which anothology has 36,000 volumes of chinese writing with only 7 sets produced and was particularlry censcored?
the complete writings of the 4 treasuries
during which manchu emprors rule did guisseppe castiglione come to china since they where a patron of arts and artisans
kangxi
t or f despite being foreign conquerors the mancu or ching adopted culture and values of the chinese and focused on good government
true
what where 4 things the manchu or ching did for good ogvernment?
- built graneries to help with famine, 2. made schools with teaditional confucian learning, 3. honored elders 4. prayed to local dieties
t or f under ching rule chinas culture flourished
true
what where some jobs jesuits had in china
head of the board of astronomy, tutored kangxi, corographers, interpreters, painters, built mini versailleses outside peking, conversion , accepted chinese ministries
t or f peking was an infertile reguin
ture so food was brought in
what was anotnhert namre for peking
the forbidden citry
t or f vjinese scholars werent super interested in the idea of euros
true they thought that the europeans where inferior
what whetre some public work projects yongle took control of?
- bridges and canals 2. north to south transport 3. drainage 4. food distribution 5. new captial 6. rebuilt eastern part of great wall 7. sea wall for protection
t or f yongle was an effective ruler
t
what did the jesuits translate for the chinese?
chinese documents and european documents eith over 400 chinese works being presented to the pope in 1688 and where inspried each pother in art and thinking and literature
what where 3 things from europe that influeced chinese military
1., chinese continued to use canons 2. did not adapgt muskets cuz they preffered the bow and arris more (traditional)
due to china not industrializing, what happens?
it suffers and falls behind in the 19th century
what countires where enrolled as tributaries
protugal and the netherlands or dutch
what did the reception department if the ming deal with?
tributaries and the ching allied people of southeast asia and europe who wanted to trade with china
t or f which countires where accepted as tributaries and waht did they have to do
true, and they have to kowtow
which country refused to kowtow?
britian cuz they wanted to be treated equally
which period in japan began promoting the adoption of chinese culture
yamato in 300-710
what was the only country china treated as equals?
Russia
what where some elements that japan in the yamato period adopted from china
- confucianism 2. language (kangji characters) 3. buddhist sects 4. chinese arts and litterarature 5. government structure
in terms of borrwing culture which period in japan borrowed chinese culture and what did they borrow
chines ewritings, chinese artistic styles, buddhism (in the form of zen),and it was the heian period
what was the only thing not borrwoed from china in the heian period
the chinese civil
what where some of the characteristics of the heain period
gtrowth of large land and estates, asts and lit of china flourished, elabortate court life, personal diaries like the pillow book, great novels like the tale of gengji, and they moved away from chinese models in relgions, arts, and government
what was the name of the japanese script that men used bs woman
women : kana
men: kanji
what is a shogunate
the government of medial japan in which the shogun a military and civil reagent servved as the actual leader while the emperor was the symbolic head of state and religion
what is the shogun
a military and civil reagent who was the effective ruler for the emperor in feudal japan
what is bakufu
tent government, the shogunate government, which originally was the civil government,during the shogun era, the imperial government became more of a religious and symbollic government.
how was neoconfucianism used in tokugawa japan
they where used to stress the importance of maintaining the social order (rigid socail classes)
what did neocentric ideas in neo confuciansim used to justify
the xenophobic and isolayionist policies of tokugawa
what did neoconfucianism encourgae
the stduying of histroy
what happened as a result of neoconfucianism encouraging the study of histroy
becasue of this japanese developed a court of the empror and discoverted the emperors not the shoguns, had once ruled japan
who was the first manchu ruler of china
abahai’s son : shun-chin, whose regency was under abahai’s brother dorgan
who where the 3 great manchu/ qing emperors
- kangxi, yongzheg, qianlong
what was the order of the japanese feuadal systwn
emepror, shogun, diamyos, samuri, ronin, peasents, and artisans
what are 4 thngs the code of bushido apply
fidelity, politeness, vitaltiy, simplicity
eho became suspicious of european territorial ambtions order all european missionaries expelled from japan tries to invade korea but fails
toyaatomi hideyoshi
s t or f hideyoshi had 1 nae meaning wealth of a nation which meant he had a humble birth and found for oda nobunaga
true
t or in 1587nhideyoshi, killed oda’s heirs, consolidates power, national land survey, and created serfs to support others in order to prevent others like hiself from becoming powerful and overthrowing him
true
what did economic growth imply for the ashikaga shogunate
more food rice goes up , more people growth of towns, along with imporyd of copper, coins, books, art and exports of coppet fans, screens, and swords
t or f ashikaga where the first to havr contact with the portugese who introduced catholicism and fire arms
true
