Test Chapter 11 Flashcards by Alexa Raley

Abnormal heart rhythms

Arrythmias

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Failed conduction between SA node and AV node

Brachycardia and heart block

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Rapid, but regular contractions

Flutter

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Rapid, random, inefficient and irregular contractions

Fibrillation

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Abnormalities in the heart at birth

Congenital heart disease

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Narrowing of aorta

Contraction of the aorta (CoA)

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Small holes in wall between atria

Atrial septal defect

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Small holes in wall between ventricles

Ventricular septal defects

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Congenital malformation involving four distinct heart defects

tetralogy of Fallot

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Heart unable to pump required amount of blood

Congestive heart failure (CHF)

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Disease of arteries surrounding the heart and leads to ischemia

Coronary artery disease (CAD)

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Inflammation of inner lining of heart

Endocarditis

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HBP affecting the heart

Hypertensive heart disease

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Improper closure of mitral valve

Mitral valve prolapse (MVP)

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Extra heart sound, heard between normal beats

Murmur

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Inflammation of membrane surrounding the heart

Pericarditis

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Heart disease caused by rheumatic fever

Rheumatic heart disease

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Local widening of an arterial wall

Aneurysm

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Blood clot forms in large vein, usually lower limbs

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

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High blood pressure

HBP

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Most high blood pressure, no leading cause

Essential HBP

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Blood pressure, associated lesion

Secondary HBP

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Blockage of arteries carrying blood (Legs, arms, kidneys, other organs)

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD)

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Recurrent episodes of pallor and cyanosis, usually in the fingers and toes

Raynaud’s disease

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Abnormally swollen and twisted veins, usually occurring in the legs

Varicose veins

Test that measures the increase in heart failure

BNP test

Test that measures chemicals in blood as evidence of a heart attack

Cardiac biomarkers

Tests that measure the cholesterol and triglycerides in blood samples

Lipid tests

Lipoproteins are physically separated and measured in blood sample

Lipoprotein electrophoresis

Echo to produce images of heart

Echocardiography (ECHO)

Thin, flexible tube is guided into art via vein or artery

Cardiac catheterization

ECG device worn during 24 hr period to detect cardiac arrhythmias

Holter Monitoring

ETT determines heart's response to physical exertion

Stress test

Arteries/veins anastomosed to coronary arteries to detour around blockages

Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG)

Balloon-tipped catheter is inserted into a coronary artery to open the artery; stents are put in place

Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

AAA

abdominal aortic aneurysm

ACS

acute coronary syndrome

A-fib

atrial fibrillation

blood pressure

CABG

coronary artery bypass surgery

CAD

coronary artery disease

CCU

coronary care unit

CHF

congestive heart failure

CPR

cardiopulmonary resuscitation

DVT

deep vein thrombosis

ECG

electrocardiography

ECHO

echocardiography

HTN

hypertension

myocardial infarction

MVP

mitral valve prolapse

PAD

peripheral arterial disease

In CHF, what indicates right side failure?

Backs up into the body

In CHF, what indicates left side failure?

Backs up into the lungs; pulmonary edema

Medicines to help CHF

Diuretic (Lasix) | digoxin (cardiotonic)

Chest pain at rest

unstable angina

What increases coronary blood flow and lowers blood pressure?

Vasodilators

What is a vegetative growth that can travel and can cause MI or stroke?

Emboli

What medicines can cure bacterial endocarditis?

Antibiotics

Murmur heard on ausculation

Bruit

Vibration felt on palpation of the chest

Thrill

Compression of the heart caused by collection of fluid in the pericardial cavity

cardiac tamponade

Heard as a scraping or grating sound

pericardial friction rub

Prevention of rheumatic heart disease

Treat strep with antibiotics

Rupture of an aneurysm

Hemorrhage

How to treat peripheral arterial disease (PAD)

Balloon angioplasty with stenting thrombolytics (tPA) and angioplasty Surgery

Clot travels to the lung

Pulmonary embolism

Absence of pain or discomfort in a leg at rest

intermittent claudication

angi/o

vessel

brachi/o

arm

myx/o

mucus

phleb/o

vein

sphygm/o

pulse

steth/o

chest

valvul/o

valve

vas/o

vessel

vascul/o

vessel

Treats delays and abnormalities in ventricular contractions and can also relieve symptoms and improve quality of life in patients with CHF

biventricular pacemaker

Overcomes arrhythmias and keeps the heart beating at the proper rate

cardiac pacemaker