Chapter 11 Test updated Flashcards by Alexa Raley

drugs to dissolve clots are injected into the bloodstream of patients with coronary thrombosis

thrombolytic therapy

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balloon-tipped catheter is inserted into a coronary artery to open the artery

percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)

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arteries and veins are anastomosed to coronary arteries to detour around blockages

coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)

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thin, flexible tube is guided into the heart via a vein or an artery

cardiac catheterization

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echoes generated by high-frequency sound waves produce images of the heart

echocardiography (ECHO)

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lipoproteins are physically separated are measured in a blood sample

lipoprotein electrophoresis

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measurement of cholesterol and triglycerides in a blood sample

lipid tests

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chemicals are measured in the blood as evidence of a heart attack

cardiac biomarkers

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measurement of BNP in blood

BNP test

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carry blood away from the heart

arteries

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artery walls are lined with connective tissue, muscle tissue, and elastic fibers within an innermost layer of epithelial cells called…

endothelium

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smaller branches of arteries

arterioles

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allows oxygen and nutrients to be dropped off at body cells and the walls are very thin

capillaries

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small veins

venules

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prevents backflow of blood and keep the blood moving in one direction

valves

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carries blood towards the heart

veins

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blood flow from the heart to lung capillaries and back to the heart

pulmonary circulation

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blood flow from the heart to tissue capillaries and back to the heart

systemic circulation

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veins that carry oxygen-rich blood

pulmonary veins

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artery that carries blood deficient in oxygen

pulmonary artery

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arteries that supply CO2 to the heart muscle

coronary artery

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upper chambers of the heart

atrium

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lower chambers of the heart

ventricles

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vein that drains blood from the upper portion of the body

superior vena cava

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vein that carries blood away from the lower part of the body

inferior vena cava

thin-walled upper right chamber of the heart

right atrium

the right atrium contracts to force blood through the...and into the...

tricuspid valve | right ventricle

the lower right chamber of the heart

right ventricle

right ventricle contracts to pump oxygen-poor blood through the...

pulmonary valve

newly oxygenated blood enters..

the left atrium

left atrium contract to force blood through the....into the...

mitral valve | left ventricle

separates the two upper chambers

interarterial septum

separates the two lower chambers

interventricular septum

lines the interior of the heart and heart valves

endocardium

middle, muscular, thickest layer

myocardium

surrounds the heart

pericardium

when does systole occur

tricuspid and mitral valves closing as ventricles start to contract

when does diastole occue

pulmonic and aortic valves closing as ventricles begin to relax

heart rhythm

normal sinus rhythm (NSR)

largest artery in the body

aorta

specialized muscle fibers connecting the atria with the ventricles and transmitting electrical impulses between them

atrioventricular bundle (bundle of His)

specialized tissue in the wall between the atria

atrioventricular node (AV node)

specialized nervous tissue in the right atrium that begins the heartbeat

pacemaker

pacemaker of the heart

sinoatrial node (SA node)

instrument to measure blood pressure

sphygmomanometer

myx/o

mucus

phleb/o

vein

arterial anastomosis is called...

bypass

vas/o

vessel

treats delays and abnormalities in ventricular contractions

biventricular pacemaker

overcomes arrhythmias and keeps the heart beating at the proper rate

cardiac pacemaker

meds to treat fibrillation

anti-arrhythmics and anti-coagulants

most common septal defects

ventricular

right side heart failure

blood backs up into body

left side heart failure

blood backs into lungs and pulmonary edema

meds to treat heart failure

diruetic and digoxin

fluid accumulating in the lungs

pulmonary edema

chest pain at rest or chest pain of increasing frequency

unstable angina

vasodilator that increases coronary blood flow and lowers blood pressure

nitrates

reduces the force and speed of the heartbeat and to lower blood pressure

beta blockers

reduce high blood pressure and the risk of future heart attack even if the patient is not hypertensive

ACE inhibitors

catheterization with balloons and stents opens clogged coronary arteries

percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)

backflow of blood into the left atrium

mitral regurgitation

vibration felt on palpation of the chest

thrill

murmur heard on auscultation

bruit

compression of the heart caused by collection of fluid in the pericardial cavity

cardiac tamponade

heard as a scraping or grating sound

pericardial friction rub

clot travels to the lung

pulmonary embolism