Chapter 12 Pathology

Question 1

Listening to sounds within the body

Answer 1

Auscultation

Question 2

Tapping on a surface to determine the difference in the density of the underlying structure

Answer 2

Percussion

Question 3

Scratchy sound produced by pleural surfaces rubbing against each other

Answer 3

Pleural rub

Question 4

Fine crackling sounds heard on auscultation when there is fluid in the alveoli

Answer 4

Rales (crackles)

Question 5

Loud rumbling sounds heard on auscultation of bronchi obstructed by sputum

Answer 5

Rhonchi

Question 6

Material expelled from the bronchi, lungs, or upper respiratory tract by coughing

Answer 6

Sputum

Question 7

Strained, high-pitched sound heard on inspiration caused by obstruction in the pharynx or larynx

Answer 7

Stridor

Question 8

Continuous high-pitched whistling sounds produced during breathing

Answer 8

Wheezes

Question 9

Acute viral infection of infants and children with obstruction of the larynx, accompanied by barking cough and stridor

Answer 9

Croup

Question 10

Acute infection of the throat and upper respiratory tract caused by the diphtheria bacterium

Answer 10

Diphtheria

Question 11

Nosebleed

Answer 11

Epistaxis

Question 12

Whooping cough; highly contagious bacterial infection of the pharynx, larynx, and trachea caused by Bordetella Pertussis

Answer 12

Pertussis

Question 13

Chronic bronchial inflammatory disorder with airway obstruction due to bronchial edema and constriction and increased mucus production

Answer 13

Asthma

Question 14

Chronic dilation of a bronchus, usually secondary to infection

Answer 14

Bronchiectasis

Question 15

Inflammation of bronchi persisting over a long time; type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Answer 15

Chronic Bronchitis

Question 16

Inherited disorder of exocrine glands resulting in thick mucinous secretions in the respiratory tract that do not drain normally

Answer 16

Cystic Fibrosis

Question 17

Collapsed lung; incomplete expansion of alveoli

Answer 17

Atelectasis

Question 18

Hyperinflation of air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls

Answer 18

Emphysema

Question 19

Malignant tumor arising from the lungs and bronchi

Answer 19

Lung cancer

Question 20

Abnormal condition caused by dust in the lungs, with chronic inflammation, infection, and bronchitis

Answer 20

Pneumoconiosis

Question 21

Acute inflammation and infection of alveoli, which fill with pus or products of the inflammatory reaction

Answer 21

Pneumonia

Question 22

Large collection of pus in the lungs

Answer 22

Pulmonary abcess

Question 23

Fluid in the air sacs and bronchioles

Answer 23

Pulmonary edema

Question 24

Clot or other material lodges in vessels of lung

Answer 24

Pulmonary embolism

Question 25

Formation of scar tissue in the connective tissue of the lungs

Answer 25

Sarcoidosis

Question 26

Infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Lungs usually are involved, but any organ in the body may be affected

Answer 26

Tuberculosis (TB)

Question 27

Rare malignant tumor arising in the pleura

Answer 27

Mesothelioma

Question 28

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space (cavity)

Answer 28

Pleural effusion

Question 29

Inflammation of the pleura

Answer 29

Pleurisy

Question 30

Collection of air in the pleural space

Answer 30

Pneumothorax

Question 31

Detection device records radioactivity in the lung after IV of radioisotope and inhalation of a small amount of radioactive gas

Answer 31

Ventilation-perfusion scan (V/G)

Question 32

Placement of a tube through the mouth into the pharynx, larynx, and trachea to establish an airway

Answer 32

Endotracheal intubation (ETT)

Question 33

Tests that measure the ventilation mechanics of the lungs

Answer 33

Pulmonary function tests (PFTs)

Question 34

Surgical creation of an opening into the trachea through the neck

Answer 34

Tracheostomy

Question 35

Fluid-filled area within the lungs as seen on an CXR or CT scan

Answer 35

Infiltrate

Question 36

Pneumonia that involves an entire lobe of a lung

Answer 36

Lobar pneumonia

Question 37

Limited form of infection that produces patchy consolidation in the lung parenchyma

Answer 37

Bronchopneumonia

Question 38

Pneumonia that results from a contagious respiratory infection, caused by a variety of viruses and bacteria

Answer 38

Community-acquired pneumonia

Question 39

Pneumonia that is acquired during hospitalization

Answer 39

Hospital-acquired pneumonia

Question 40

Pneumonia caused by material lodging in bronchi or lungs

Answer 40

Aspiration pneumonia