Chapter 15 Test Flashcards
1
Q
What are bones primary purpose?
A
Protect and support internal organs
2
Q
What tissue manufactures blood cells?
A
Hematopoietic tissue
3
Q
Joints are where…
A
Bones come together
4
Q
Muscles are responsible for what?
A
Movement
5
Q
Where are muscles attached?
A
Bones, internal organs, and blood vessels
6
Q
What binds muscles to bones?
A
Tendons
7
Q
What binds bones to other bones?
A
Ligaments
8
Q
Who treats bone, joint, and muscle conditions?
A
Orthopedists
9
Q
Who specializes in primarily joint problems?
A
Rheumatologists
10
Q
Whose focus is on rehabilitation after injury or illness to muscles, bones, and nerves?
A
Physiatrists
11
Q
Who manipulates the spinal column, joints, and soft tissues?
A
Chiropractor
12
Q
Who develops a treatment plan based on a physician’s diagnosis?
A
Physical therapist
13
Q
Technical name for bone formation
A
Ossification
14
Q
What replaces cartilage during ossification?
A
Osteoblasts
15
Q
What reabsorbs, or digests, bony tissues?
A
Osteoclasts
16
Q
The formation of bone depends largely on a proper supply of…
A
Calcium and Phosphorus
17
Q
What gland secretes a hormone that signals the release of calcium from bone storage?
A
Parathyroid gland
18
Q
Where are long bones found?
A
Thigh, lower leg, and upper and lower arm
19
Q
Where are short bones found?
A
Wrist and ankle
20
Q
Where are flat bones found?
A
Covering soft body parts
21
Q
What are sesamoid bones?
A
Small, rounded bones
22
Q
Where are sesamoid bones found?
A
Near joints, kneecap
23
Q
What bones increase the efficiency of muscles near a particular joint?
A
Sesamoid bones
24
Q
Where is the diaphysis found?
A
The middle region of a long bone
25
Where is the epiphysis found?
At each end of a long bone
26
What is another name for a growth plate?
Epiphyseal line or plate
27
What is the flared portion of the bone?
Metaphysis
28
What is a strong, fibrous, vascular membrane that covers the surface of long bones?
Periosteum
29
What is a layer of hard, dense bone that lies under the periosteum in all bones and is located chiefly around the diaphysis of long bones?
Compact (cortical) bone
30
What canals are found in the compact bone?
Haversian canala
31
Where is yellow matter formed?
Medullary cavity
32
Where is red bone marrow found?
Cancellous/spongy bone
33
What is the production of all types of blood cells in the bone marrow?
Hematopoiesis
34
What are soft spots in the cranium called?
Fontanells
35
What forms the roof and upper side parts of the skull?
Parietal bone
36
What is the delicate bone, composed of spongy, cancellous tissue; supports the nasal cavity and orbits of the eye?
Ethmoid bone
37
What forms the back and base of the skull?
Occipital bone
38
What forms the forehead?
Frontal bone
39
What is a bat shaped bone extending behind the eyes to form the base of the skull?
Sphenoid bone
40
What is the bone near the ear and is connected to the lower jaw?
Temporal bone
41
Cheekbone
Zygomatic bone
42
What is the bone that supports the bridge of the nose?
Nasal bone
43
What is the thin, flat bone forming the lower portion of the nasal septum?
Vomer
44
Lower jawbone
Mandible
45
Upper jawbone
Maxilla
46
What are two paired bones, each located at the corner of each eye?
Lacrimal bone
47
Air cavities
Sinuses
48
What is the space through which the spinal cord passes?
Neural canal
49
Piece of cartilage between two cartilage?
Intervertabral disk
50
Posterior part of a vertebra
Vertebral arch
51
Anterior part of a vertebrae
Vertebral body
52
Three parts of the pelvis
Ilium, Ischium, and pubis
53
Opening of occipital bone
Foramen magnum
54
Calcaneus
Heel bone
55
Point of shoulder blade
Acromion
56
Lower, narrow portion of sternum
Xiphoid process
57
Portion of vertebral arch
Lamina
58
Ankle joint
Malleolus
59
Rounded socket, forms hip joint
Acetabulum
60
Area of confluence of two pubic bones in pelvis
Pubic symphysis
61
Elbow
Olecranon
62
Rounded projection on temporal bone behind ear
Mastoid process
63
Pole-like process extending downward from temporal on each side of skill
Styloid process
64
Kyph/o
Humpback
65
Lord/o
Curve, swayback
66
Myel/o
Bone marrow
67
Orth/o
Straight
68
Scoli/o
Bent
69
Spondyl/o
Vertebra
70
-blast
Embryonic cell
71
-lithesis
Slipping
72
-physis
To grow
73
-porosis
Pore, passage
74
-tome
Instrument to cut
75
Acetabul/o
Acetabulum
76
Perone/o
Fibula
77
Rare malignant tumor arising in bone; often in children
Ewing Sarcoma
78
Bony (benign) growth arising from the surface of bone
Exostosis
79
Traumatic breaking of a bone
Fracture
80
Common malignant tumor arising from osteoblasts, found primarily in children and adolescents
Osteogenic sarcoma
81
Softening of bone, with inadequate amounts of mineral in the bone
Osteomalacia
82
Inflammation of the bone and bone marrow secondary to infection
Osteomyelitis
83
Decrease in bone density (mass); thinning and weakening of bone
Osteoporosis
84
Congenital abnormality of the hindfoot
Talipes
85
Freely movable joints
Synovial joints
86
Ankly/o
Stiff
87
Articul/o
Joint
88
Chondr/o
Cartilage
89
Rheumat/o
Watery flow
90
-desis
To bind, tie together
91
-stenosis
Narrowing
92
Chronic, progressive arthritis with stiffening of spinal joints, primarily of the spine
Ankylosing spondylitis
93
Inflammation and painful swelling of joints caused by excessive uric acid in the body
Gouty Arthritis
94
Progressive, degenerative joint disease with loss of articular cartilage and hypertrophy of bone at articular surfaces
Osteoarthritis
95
Chronic joint condition with inflammation and pain; autoimmune reaction against joint tissue, particularly the synovial membrane
Rheumatoid Arthritis
96
Enlargement of bone or tissue around the joint at the base of the big toe
Bunion
97
Compression of the median nerve as it passes between the transverse ligament. and bones and tendons of the wrist
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
98
Displacement of a bone from its joint
Dislocation
99
Fluid-filled sac arising from joint capsules or tendons
Ganglion cyst
100
Abnormal protrusion of an intervertebral disk into the spinal nerves
Herniation of an intervertebral disk
101
Chronic, recurrent disorder marked by severe arthritis, myalgia and malaise; cause is bacterium caused by a tick
Lyme disease
102
Trauma to a joint with swelling and injury to ligaments
Sprain
103
Chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease involving joints, skin, kidneys, cns, heart, and lungs
Lupus
104
Decreasing the angle between two bones; bending a limb
Flexion
105
Increasing the angle between two bones; straightening out a limb
Extension
106
Movement away from the midline of the body
Abduction
107
Movement toward the midline of the body
Adduction
108
Circular movement around an axis
Rotation
109
Decreasing the angle of the ankle joint so that the foot moves upward, toward the knee or ceiling
Dorsiflexion
110
Motion that moves the foot downward toward the ground as when pointing the toes or stepping on the gas pedal
Plantar flexion
111
Act of turning the palm up
Supination
112
Act of turning the palm down
Pronation
113
Fibr/o
Fibrous
114
Leiomy/o
Smooth muscle
115
Myos/o
Muscle
116
Plant/o
Sole of the foot
117
Rhabdomy/o
Skeletal muscle
118
Sarc/o
Muscle and flesh
119
-asthenia
Lack of strength
120
-trophy
Development
121
Group of inherited diseases characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of muscle fibers without involvement of the nervous system
Muscular dystrophy
122
Chronic inflammatory myopathy
Polymyositis
123
Detects an antibody often present in serum of patients with lupus and other autoimmune diseases
Antinuclear antibody test
124
Measures time it takes for erythrocytes to settle to the bottom of a test tube
Erythrocyte Sedimention Rate
125
Serum is tested for the presence of an antibody found in many patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Rheumatoid Factor test
126
Measurement of calcium level in serum
Serum Calcium
127
Measurement of the enzyme creatine kinase in serum
Serum Creatine Kinase
128
Measurement of uric acid in serum
Uric acid test
129
Surgical puncture to remove fluid from the joint space
Arthrocentisis
130
Taking x-ray images after injection of contract material into a joint
Arthrography
131
Surgical repair or replacement of a joint
Arthroplasty
132
Visual examination of a joint with an arthroscope, which projects an image on a video monitor
Arthroscopy
133
Low-energy x-ray absorption in bones of the spinal column, pelvis, and wrist is used to measure bone mass
Bone density test
134
Uptake of a radioactive substance is measured in bone
Bone scan
135
X-ray beam and computer provide cross-sectional and other images
Computed Tomography
136
X-ray examination of cervical or lumbar intervertebral disk after injection of contrast into nucleus pulposus
Diskpgraphy
137
Recording the strength of muscle contraction as a result of electrical stimulation
Electromyography
138
A strong magnetic field and advanced computing technology are used to create high-resolution images of soft tissue
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
139
Removal of muscle tissue for microscopic examination
Muscle biopsy
140
Fibrous membrane separating and enveloping muscles
Fascia
141
Connection of the muscle to a bone that moves; usually distal on the skeleton
Insertion of a muscle
142
Connection of the muscle to a stationary bone; usually proximal on the skeleton
Origin of a muscle
143
Muscle connected to bone; voluntary or skeletal muscle
Striated muscle
144
Muscle connected to internal organs; involuntary or smooth muscle
Visceral Muscle
145
Striated in appearance and involuntary
Cardiac muscle
