Test Bank - Introduction to Human Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards
1) Which of the following are signs of aging at the cellular level? (Check all that apply)
A) Graying hair, waning strength, and wrinkles.
B) Unrepaired DNA and abnormal proteins.
C) Impaired cell division and the ability to break down and recycle worn cell parts.
D) A fatty liver and clogged blood vessels.
B) Unrepaired DNA and abnormal proteins.
C) Impaired cell division and the ability to break down and recycle worn cell parts.
2) Agriculture began in some countries as recently as __________ years ago.
6, 000
3) Dissection of human bodies became part of formal medical school coursework in the __________ century.
twentieth
4) The branch of science that deals with the structure of human body parts is called _________.
anatomy
5) The branch of science that deals with the functions of human body parts is called __________.
physiology
6) A group of cells with common properties that are organized into a layer or mass is called a(n) __________.
tissue
7) A subcellular structure built of assemblies of macromolecules that carries out a particular function is a(n) __________.
organelle
8) The process by which food substances are chemically changed into simpler forms that can be absorbed is called __________.
digestion
9) The term __________ refers to an increase in body size without overall change in shape.
growth
10) The most abundant molecule in the human body is __________.
water
11) Self-regulating control mechanisms usually operate by a process called __________ feedback.
negative
12) The potential space between the __________ membranes is called the pleural cavity.
pleural
13) The chemicals secreted by endocrine glands are called __________.
hormones
14) Deep vein thrombosis, heart attack, and high blood pressure are all diseases of the __________ system.
cardiovascular
15) Individuals who live more than 100 years are called __________.
centenarians
16) Standing erect with face and palms forward and upper limbs at the sides describes the __________ position.
anatomical
17) A lengthwise cut that divides the body into right and left portions is termed a(n) __________ section.
sagittal
18) An investigator who conducts an experiment to determine how temperature changes affect the rate at which the heart beats is most likely a(n) __________.
A) anatomist
B) physiologist
C) chemist
D) biochemist
B) physiologist
19) Why are the topics of anatomy and physiology difficult to separate?
A) Physiological functions depend on anatomy of structures.
B) Physiological functions in an organism are ongoing.
C) The body parts take up space.
D) Our understanding of physiology is changing more than our understanding of anatomy.
A) Physiological functions depend on anatomy of structures.
20) The activities of an anatomist consist of __________, whereas those of a physiologist consist of __________.
A) observing body parts; studying functions of body parts
B) conducting experiments; making microscopic examinations
C) studyingmolecules; observing forms of the body parts
D) sketching; dissecting
A) observing body parts; studying functions of body parts
21) What is the origin of the term “anatomy”?
A) From the Greek word for “function”;
B) Named after the first anatomist.
C) From the Greek word for “cutting up”;.
D) For the function of internal organs.
C) From the Greek word for “cutting up”;.
22) What is the term “physiology”is related to?
A) The Latin word for “physical shape”;.
B) The structure of internal organs.
C) The Greek word for “cutting up”;.
D) The Greek word for “relationship to nature”;
D) The Greek word for “relationship to nature”;
23) What is illustrated by the recent discovery of taste receptors in the small intestine that detect sweetness?
A) Chemical responses occur in only one part of the body.
B) New discoveries about anatomy and physiology are still being made.
C) Everything there is to know about anatomy and physiology has been discovered.
D) The molecular and cellular levels are of little interest in anatomy and physiology.
B) New discoveries about anatomy and physiology are still being made.
24) Which of the following is not true of organelles?
A) They carry on specific activities.
B) They are only in cells of humans.
C) They are composed of aggregates of large molecules.
D) They are found in many types of cells.
B) They are only in cells of humans.
25) Which of the following lists best illustrates increasing levels of complexity?
A) Cells, tissues, organelles, organs, organ systems.
B) Tissues, cells, organs, organelles, organ systems.
C) Organs, organelles, organ systems, cells, tissues.
D) Organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems.
B) Tissues, cells, organs, organelles, organ systems.
26) In all organisms, what is the basic unit of structure and function?
A) The atom
B) The organelle
C) The macromolecule
D) The cell
D) The cell
27) Specialized cell types organized in a way that provides a specific function form __________.
A) tissues
B) organs
C) organ systems
D) organelles
A) tissues
28) Simple squamous epithelium is an example of which organizational level?
A) Organ system
B) Organ
C) Tissue
D) Molecule
C) Tissue
29) What is assimilation?
A) The changing of absorbed substances into different chemical forms.
B) The breaking down of foods into nutrients that the body can absorb.
C) The elimination of waste from the body.
D) The increase in body size without a change in overall shape.
A) The changing of absorbed substances into different chemical forms.
30) The ability of an organism to sense and react to changes in its body is an example of __________.
A) circulation
B) respiration
C) responsiveness
D) absorption
C) responsiveness
31) What process is defined as the removal of wastes?
A) Metabolism
B) Absorption
C) Assimilation
D) Excretion
D) Excretion
32) Which of the following characteristics of life and their descriptions is correct?
A) Responsiveness: obtaining and using oxygen to release energy from food.
B) Assimilation: sensing changes inside or outside the body and reacting to them.
C) Respiration: changing absorbed substances into forms that are chemically different
from those that entered the body fluids.
D) Circulation: the movement of substances in body fluids.
D) Circulation: the movement of substances in body fluids.
33) What is the definition of metabolism?
A) The removal of wastes produced by chemical reactions.
B) The breakdown of substances into simpler forms.
C) The taking in of nutrients.
D) The chemical reactions occurring in an organism that support life.
D) The chemical reactions occurring in an organism that support life.
34) Which of the following processes does not help to maintain the life of an individual organism?
A) Responsiveness
B) Movement
C) Reproduction
D) Respiration
C) Reproduction
35) Which of the following processes is most important to the continuation of the human species?
A) Responsiveness
B) Movement
C) Reproduction
D) Respiration
C) Reproduction
36) What is the definition of homeostasis?
A) The changing external conditions.
B) The maintenance of stable external conditions.
C) The changing internal conditions.
D) The maintenance of stable internal conditions.
D) The maintenance of stable internal conditions.
37) Which of the following is an example of a positive homeostatic mechanism in the human body?
A) Shivering when body temperature falls below normal.
B) Increasing heart rate and force of contraction when blood pressure falls.
C) Retention of fluid leading to retention of more fluid.
D) Secreting insulin after a meal to return blood sugar concentration toward normal.
C) Retention of fluid leading to retention of more fluid.
38) Which of the following are typically required to maintain a stable internal environment?
A) Positive feedback mechanisms.
B) An unstable outside environment.
C) Decreased atmospheric pressure.
D) Negative feedback mechanisms.
D) Negative feedback mechanisms.
39) You accidentally cut your hand. Blood platelets in the area begin to attach to the broken blood vessel walls in the wound. What needs to happen next to create a positive feedback mechanism?
A) The platelets change shape and encourage more platelets to rush in and stick to each other to form plugs that seal the broken vessels.
B) The platelets sticking to the broken blood vessels signals the blood to stop flowing to that area, which stops the bleeding.
C) The sensation of pain in your hand causes your muscles to jerk your hand away from the danger.
D) The platelets send signals to the brain to slow heart rate and slow the bleeding.
A) The platelets change shape and encourage more platelets to rush in and stick to each other to form plugs that seal the broken vessels.
40) Which of the following must the human body obtain from the environment in order to survive?
A) Nitrogen
B) Wastes
C) Water
D) Carbondioxide
C) Water
41) Homeostasis exists if concentrations of water, nutrients, and oxygen in the body are balanced and heat and pressure __________.
A) decrease steadily
B) remain within certain limited ranges
C) increase when thebody is stressed
D) fluctuate greatly between very high and low values
B) remain within certain limited ranges
42) In negative feedback mechanisms, what occurs due to changes that move a variable away from the normal state?
A) Stimulation to change the variable in the same direction.
B) Inhibition of all body reactions.
C) Stimulation to change the variable in the opposite direction.
D) Stimulation to reduce all requirements of the body.
C) Stimulation to change the variable in the opposite direction.
