Chapter 4 - Workbook Flashcards
Some bones develop from a non-cartilage connective tissue scaffold in a process called what?
Intramembranous bone development
What do bones serve as to transmit muscular forces?
Levers
What is the purpose of synovial fluid?
To reduce friction during movement and to absorb shock
What is the joint between two parietal bones in the midline called?
Sagittal suture
The two parietal bones are joined in the midline by which suture?
Sagittal
How many metacarpals are there?
5
What is the bone in the upper limb of the lower extremity / thigh called?
Femur
The axial skeleton consists of what 4 pieces?
The skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum.
What is the coccygeal area made up of?
3-5 fused vertebrae
What is the purpose of the bursae?
To cushion the movement of bone over other tissues
The paranasal sinuses are located in which 4 bones?
Frontal, maxillary, sphenoid, and ethmoid
What is a thin layer of cells that line the yellow marrow cavity called?
Endosteum
What are ossicles?
6 very tiny bones in the middle ears
What is the expanded end of a bone called?
Epiphysis
The growth centres of the bones are called what?
Metaphyses
What is the joint capsule reinforced with?
Ligaments
The two fused bones at the base of the vertebral column are which?
The sacrum and the coccyx
What are the 14 finger bones called?
Phalanges
Bone formation is called what?
Ossification
How many auditory ossicles are there?
6
What are the cells called that produce bone by secreting the protein collagen?
Osteoblasts
What are bands of connective tissue that attaches to muscles and bones called?
Tendons
What is the joint between the parietal bones and occipital bone called?
Lambdoid suture
What is the bony framework of the head called?
Skull
What makes up the thoracic cage?
The sternum, the thoracic vertebrae, and 12 pairs of ribs.
Ligaments are bands of connective tissue that hold bones together. Where in the body does this happen?
The joints
What kind of bone is found within the epiphyses?
Spongy bone
What is the name of the girdle that encloses the pelvic cavity and supports the lower extremities?
Pelvic girdle
How many vertebrae are in the lumbar region?
5
What is the bone growth centre in children called?
Metaphysis
What is the shoulder blade half of the pectoral girdle called?
Scapula
Later regions of the posterior part of the vertebra are called what?
Laminae
What are lateral projections from the centrum called?
Transverse processes
What are the hip bones called?
Coxal bones
What cells resorb (breakdown) bone?
Osteoclasts
What part provides support for the bones of the pectoral girdle and upper extremities and is important for breathing?
The thoracic cage
What is the joint where the coxal bones come together anteriorly called?
Pubic symphysis
What are the 5 bones in the main part of the foot called?
Metatarsals
What is the pelvic region also referred to as?
The sacral region
What are the 14 toe bones in the foot called?
Phalanges
What are the intervertebral discs?
tiny pads that act as shock absorbers
How many carpals are there?
8
What develops when bone tissue is broken down more quickly than it is produced?
Osteoporosis
What is the set of eight bones that enclose the brain called?
Cranium
How many phalanges are there?
14 in the fingers and 14 in the toes
What are the joints in a baby’s skull called where ossification is not yet complete?
Fontanelles
What 4 regions make up the vertebral column?
The cervical region, thoracic region, lumbar region, and sacral region.
What is the main shaft of a long bone called?
Diaphysis
The skeleton of a fetus consists mainly of what?
Cartilage
How many vertebrae are in the cervical region?
7
What is the chest region also referred to as?
The thoracic region
What is the largest coxal bone found on top of the other coxal bones called?
Ilium
What is another name for a joint?
An articulation
What are the bones that form the central axis of the body called?
The axial skeleton
What is the lower leg bone located medially to the fibula called?
Tibia
What is the outer layer of a joint surface called?
Articular cartilage
What is the layer of connective tissue that covers bones containing cells that produce bone called?
Periosteum
Which column supports the body and protects the spinal cord?
Vertebral
What is the lower leg bone located laterally to the tibia called?
Fibula
What is the sacral region made up of?
One bone composed of 5 fused vertebrae
What are bands of connective tissue that holds bones together at the joints?
Ligaments
What are the air-filled spaces lined with mucous membranes called?
Sinuses
What is the bone located on the lateral side of the forearm called?
Radius
What are the sutures that join the skull bones called?
Synarthroses
What is the sacral bone called?
Sacrum
What is a joint/articulation?
a point of contact between two bones
What are immovable joints that join bones of the skill called?
Sutures
What kind of bone makes up the inner part of the wall of the diaphysis?
Spongy bone
What marrow contains numerous fat storage cells?
Yellow marrow
When osteoblasts become embedded in the bone matrix, they are called what?
Osteocytes
How many vertebrae are in the thoracic region?
12
Mature bone cells located within each osteon are called what?
Osteocytes
Movement of a bone, or limb, away from the midline of the body is called what?
Abduction
What is the neck region also called?
The cervical region
Which cells produce bone by secreting collagen?
Osteoblasts
Where is the metaphysis located?
Between the epiphysis and the diaphysis
What are the intervertebral disks composed of?
Cartilage
How many ribs are in the thoracic cage?
12
What is the rib cage also referred to as?
The thoracic cage
Where do the blood vessels that nourish bone cells pass through?
Haversian canals
What is the anterior bone of the coxal bone called?
Ischium
Bones store and release minerals. Which are two major ones stored in bones?
Calcium and phosphorous
How many metatarsals are there?
5
What is the long bone in the upper limb called?
Humerus
What joins the parietal bones to the frontal bone?
Coronal suture
What is the most posterior bone of the coxal bones called?
Pubis
What fills the spaces within the spongy bone?
Bone marrow
The vertebra consists of two regions. What is the anterior region called?
The centrum
The vertebra consists of two regions. What is the posterior, curved area called?
The neural arch
A membrane on the joint capsule secrets a lubricant called what?
Synovial fluid
What does the skeletal system provide to the body?
Support
What is the name of the girdle that attaches the upper extremities to the axial skeleton?
Pectoral girdle
What is the breast bone also called?
The sternum
What is the back region also referred to as?
The lumbar region
What is another name for the kneecap?
Patella
What are the 8 small wrist bones called?
Carpals
Is the cranial region a region of the vertebral column?
It is NOT
What reabsorbs bone by secreting enzymes that digest collagen and hydrogen ions that dissolve crystals?
Osteoclasts
What are the interlocking, spindle-shaped units that make up compact bone called?
Osteons
What are the joints that do not permit movement called?
Synarthroses
What is the joint capsule made of?
Tough, fibrous connective tissue
The adult skull consists of how many bones?
22
What is the bone located on the medial side of the forearm called?
Ulna
What are the bones of the upper and lower extremities and bones that attach extremities to the axial skeleton?
The appendicular skeleton
Osteoclasts are very large cells that do what?
Break down/RESORB bone
What are the joints called that are freely movable, but their flexibility varies?
Diathroses / synovial joints
Very dense, hard bone found near bone surfaces where strength is important are called what?
Compact bone
What are the 7 bones in the back part of the foot and heel called?
Tarsals
What kind of bone development develops long bones from a cartilage template in the fetus?
Endochondral bone development
In adults, blood cells are produced by which three pieces?
Vertebrae, sternum, pelvis
Movement of a bone, or limb, towards the midline is called what?
Adduction
What are the fluid-filled sacs located between the bones and the tendons, as well as between bone and some other tissued?
Bursae
In some bones, what are blood cells produced by?
Red marrow
What are the five bones called that is in the palm of the hand?
Metacarpals
What permits slight movement and helps absorb shock? Also, are the bones that are joined by cartilage.
Amphiarthroses
How many tarsals are there?
7
What is the diarthrodial joint surrounded by?
the joint capsule
What is the collarbone called?
Clavicle
