Chapter 4 - Workbook Flashcards
1
Q
Some bones develop from a non-cartilage connective tissue scaffold in a process called what?
A
Intramembranous bone development
2
Q
What do bones serve as to transmit muscular forces?
A
Levers
3
Q
What is the purpose of synovial fluid?
A
To reduce friction during movement and to absorb shock
4
Q
What is the joint between two parietal bones in the midline called?
A
Sagittal suture
5
Q
The two parietal bones are joined in the midline by which suture?
A
Sagittal
6
Q
How many metacarpals are there?
A
5
7
Q
What is the bone in the upper limb of the lower extremity / thigh called?
A
Femur
8
Q
The axial skeleton consists of what 4 pieces?
A
The skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum.
9
Q
What is the coccygeal area made up of?
A
3-5 fused vertebrae
10
Q
What is the purpose of the bursae?
A
To cushion the movement of bone over other tissues
11
Q
The paranasal sinuses are located in which 4 bones?
A
Frontal, maxillary, sphenoid, and ethmoid
12
Q
What is a thin layer of cells that line the yellow marrow cavity called?
A
Endosteum
13
Q
What are ossicles?
A
6 very tiny bones in the middle ears
14
Q
What is the expanded end of a bone called?
A
Epiphysis
15
Q
The growth centres of the bones are called what?
A
Metaphyses
16
Q
What is the joint capsule reinforced with?
A
Ligaments
17
Q
The two fused bones at the base of the vertebral column are which?
A
The sacrum and the coccyx
18
Q
What are the 14 finger bones called?
A
Phalanges
19
Q
Bone formation is called what?
A
Ossification
20
Q
How many auditory ossicles are there?
A
6
21
Q
What are the cells called that produce bone by secreting the protein collagen?
A
Osteoblasts
22
Q
What are bands of connective tissue that attaches to muscles and bones called?
A
Tendons
23
Q
What is the joint between the parietal bones and occipital bone called?
A
Lambdoid suture
24
Q
What is the bony framework of the head called?
A
Skull
25
What makes up the thoracic cage?
The sternum, the thoracic vertebrae, and 12 pairs of ribs.
26
Ligaments are bands of connective tissue that hold bones together. Where in the body does this happen?
The joints
27
What kind of bone is found within the epiphyses?
Spongy bone
28
What is the name of the girdle that encloses the pelvic cavity and supports the lower extremities?
Pelvic girdle
29
How many vertebrae are in the lumbar region?
5
30
What is the bone growth centre in children called?
Metaphysis
31
What is the shoulder blade half of the pectoral girdle called?
Scapula
32
Later regions of the posterior part of the vertebra are called what?
Laminae
33
What are lateral projections from the centrum called?
Transverse processes
34
What are the hip bones called?
Coxal bones
35
What cells resorb (breakdown) bone?
Osteoclasts
36
What part provides support for the bones of the pectoral girdle and upper extremities and is important for breathing?
The thoracic cage
37
What is the joint where the coxal bones come together anteriorly called?
Pubic symphysis
38
What are the 5 bones in the main part of the foot called?
Metatarsals
39
What is the pelvic region also referred to as?
The sacral region
40
What are the 14 toe bones in the foot called?
Phalanges
41
What are the intervertebral discs?
tiny pads that act as shock absorbers
42
How many carpals are there?
8
43
What develops when bone tissue is broken down more quickly than it is produced?
Osteoporosis
44
What is the set of eight bones that enclose the brain called?
Cranium
45
How many phalanges are there?
14 in the fingers and 14 in the toes
46
What are the joints in a baby's skull called where ossification is not yet complete?
Fontanelles
47
What 4 regions make up the vertebral column?
The cervical region, thoracic region, lumbar region, and sacral region.
48
What is the main shaft of a long bone called?
Diaphysis
49
The skeleton of a fetus consists mainly of what?
Cartilage
50
How many vertebrae are in the cervical region?
7
51
What is the chest region also referred to as?
The thoracic region
52
What is the largest coxal bone found on top of the other coxal bones called?
Ilium
53
What is another name for a joint?
An articulation
54
What are the bones that form the central axis of the body called?
The axial skeleton
55
What is the lower leg bone located medially to the fibula called?
Tibia
56
What is the outer layer of a joint surface called?
Articular cartilage
57
What is the layer of connective tissue that covers bones containing cells that produce bone called?
Periosteum
58
Which column supports the body and protects the spinal cord?
Vertebral
59
What is the lower leg bone located laterally to the tibia called?
Fibula
60
What is the sacral region made up of?
One bone composed of 5 fused vertebrae
61
What are bands of connective tissue that holds bones together at the joints?
Ligaments
62
What are the air-filled spaces lined with mucous membranes called?
Sinuses
63
What is the bone located on the lateral side of the forearm called?
Radius
64
What are the sutures that join the skull bones called?
Synarthroses
65
What is the sacral bone called?
Sacrum
66
What is a joint/articulation?
a point of contact between two bones
67
What are immovable joints that join bones of the skill called?
Sutures
68
What kind of bone makes up the inner part of the wall of the diaphysis?
Spongy bone
69
What marrow contains numerous fat storage cells?
Yellow marrow
70
When osteoblasts become embedded in the bone matrix, they are called what?
Osteocytes
71
How many vertebrae are in the thoracic region?
12
72
Mature bone cells located within each osteon are called what?
Osteocytes
73
Movement of a bone, or limb, away from the midline of the body is called what?
Abduction
74
What is the neck region also called?
The cervical region
75
Which cells produce bone by secreting collagen?
Osteoblasts
76
Where is the metaphysis located?
Between the epiphysis and the diaphysis
77
What are the intervertebral disks composed of?
Cartilage
78
How many ribs are in the thoracic cage?
12
79
What is the rib cage also referred to as?
The thoracic cage
80
Where do the blood vessels that nourish bone cells pass through?
Haversian canals
81
What is the anterior bone of the coxal bone called?
Ischium
82
Bones store and release minerals. Which are two major ones stored in bones?
Calcium and phosphorous
83
How many metatarsals are there?
5
84
What is the long bone in the upper limb called?
Humerus
85
What joins the parietal bones to the frontal bone?
Coronal suture
86
What is the most posterior bone of the coxal bones called?
Pubis
87
What fills the spaces within the spongy bone?
Bone marrow
88
The vertebra consists of two regions. What is the anterior region called?
The centrum
89
The vertebra consists of two regions. What is the posterior, curved area called?
The neural arch
90
A membrane on the joint capsule secrets a lubricant called what?
Synovial fluid
91
What does the skeletal system provide to the body?
Support
92
What is the name of the girdle that attaches the upper extremities to the axial skeleton?
Pectoral girdle
93
What is the breast bone also called?
The sternum
94
What is the back region also referred to as?
The lumbar region
95
What is another name for the kneecap?
Patella
96
What are the 8 small wrist bones called?
Carpals
97
Is the cranial region a region of the vertebral column?
It is NOT
98
What reabsorbs bone by secreting enzymes that digest collagen and hydrogen ions that dissolve crystals?
Osteoclasts
99
What are the interlocking, spindle-shaped units that make up compact bone called?
Osteons
100
What are the joints that do not permit movement called?
Synarthroses
101
What is the joint capsule made of?
Tough, fibrous connective tissue
102
The adult skull consists of how many bones?
22
103
What is the bone located on the medial side of the forearm called?
Ulna
104
What are the bones of the upper and lower extremities and bones that attach extremities to the axial skeleton?
The appendicular skeleton
105
Osteoclasts are very large cells that do what?
Break down/*RESORB* bone
106
What are the joints called that are freely movable, but their flexibility varies?
Diathroses / synovial joints
107
Very dense, hard bone found near bone surfaces where strength is important are called what?
Compact bone
108
What are the 7 bones in the back part of the foot and heel called?
Tarsals
109
What kind of bone development develops long bones from a cartilage template in the fetus?
Endochondral bone development
110
In adults, blood cells are produced by which three pieces?
Vertebrae, sternum, pelvis
111
Movement of a bone, or limb, towards the midline is called what?
Adduction
112
What are the fluid-filled sacs located between the bones and the tendons, as well as between bone and some other tissued?
Bursae
113
In some bones, what are blood cells produced by?
Red marrow
114
What are the five bones called that is in the palm of the hand?
Metacarpals
115
What permits slight movement and helps absorb shock? Also, are the bones that are joined by cartilage.
Amphiarthroses
116
How many tarsals are there?
7
117
What is the diarthrodial joint surrounded by?
the joint capsule
118
What is the collarbone called?
Clavicle
