Chapter 2 - Workbook Flashcards
What portion of the membrane attaches to the wall of the cavity?
Parietal
What is the phase called where chromatin coil tightly, forming dark, X-shaped bodies?
Prophase
What are the little sacs called that contain digestive enzymes to destroy bacteria and foreign matter?
Lysosomes
What is an isotonic solution?
A solution with a solute concentration equal to that in the cell.
What muscle type is found in the walls of the digestive tract, and the fibres are not striated?
Smooth muscle
Which fibres provide great strength to body structures?
Collagen
What are cylindrical organelles composed of microtubules called?
Centrioles
What kind of epithelium cells consist of short cylinders, or cube-shaped cells?
Cuboidal
What are the rod-shaped bodies made up of chromatin?
Chromosomes
Signal molecules can bind to something on the surface of target cells. What is it?
Receptors
Which fibres are fine branched and support tissues and organs?
Reticular
What part of membranes covers the organs inside of a cavity?
Visceral
What surrounds and protects the cell, as well as regulates the passage of materials into and out of the cell?
Plasma membrane
What is the correct order of events in the process of cell signalling?
Signal sent - reception - signal transduction - response
Active transport in which a cell ingests food or bacteria is called what?
Phagocytosis
Which type of tissue receive and transmits messages, and consists of neurons and glial cells?
Nervous tissue
What is it called when the number of chromosomes in developing sperm and ova are halved?
Meiosis
What is a hypotonic solution?
A solution with solute concentration less than that of the cell.
What is the granular region within the nucleus that assembles ribosomes?
Nucleolus
Which glands do not have ducts, and release hormones?
Endocrine
Which muscles are attached to bones?
Skeletal muscles
What consists of a matrix containing osteocytes and osteons?
Bones
Cells communicate by sending what?
Signals
What is a membrane-enclosed sac that forms around large ingested particles that enter the cell?
A vacuole
What process requires the cell to expend metabolic energy?
Active transport
What is it called when a cell nucleus divides and complete sets of chromosomes move to each end of the cell?
Mitosis
What is the phase called where chromatids are positioned along the equator of the cell, and spindles attach to the centromere?
Metaphase
What protects the body by covering all free surfaces and lining cavities?
Epithelium
What is active transport?
When a cell uses energy to move materials across a concentration gradient
What part of the cell processes and packages proteins?
The Golgi complex
What is adipose?
It stores fat as the body needs energy and provides insulation.
What membrane lines body cavities that do not open to the outside of the body?
Serous
Where does cellular respiration take place?
The mitochondria
What are the organelles called that function as factories to manufacture proteins?
Ribosomes
What is a small membrane-enclosed structure that holds or transports cargo within the cell?
A vesicle
What kind of epithelium cells appear hexagonal in a cross-section and may contain cilia?
Columnar
The sequence of the stages of mitosis is what?
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
What kind of epithelium cells are thin and flattened?
Squamous
Researchers use the greater resolving power of a __________ to discern the fine details of thin cross-sections of cells.
Transmission electron microscope
What does the intercellular matrix consist of?
secreted matrix
Active transport in which a plasma membrane traps drops of fluid is called what?
Pinocytosis
What is the phase called where chromosomes begin to uncoil and disperse, and spindles disappear?
Telophase
What membrane lines body cavities that are open to the outside of the body?
Mucous
What is the final step called in reception?
Response
Which tissues join other body tissues and provide a framework that supports and protects the organs?
Connective tissues
What connective tissue membrane lines the joint cavities?
Synovial
Reception of cells involves what specific cells?
Target cells
What are duplicated chromosome pairs called?
Sister chromatids
What is the difference between cilia and flagellum?
Cilia are on smaller, flagella are specific to sperm.
When active transport occurs, what is pumped into the cell, and what is pumped out of the cell?
In = potassium ions Out = sodium ions
What is diffusion?
The net movement of molecules down a concentration gradient
What process is it called when a receptor converts a signal outside of the cell to a signal inside the cell that affects cellular process?
Signal transduction
Which glands have ducts, and most of them are multicellular?
Exocrine
What separates connective tissues?
intercellular substance
What is histology?
The microscopic study of tissue
What makes up the cytoskeleton?
A dense network of protein filaments
What provides structural support for the cell?
The cytoskeleton
What is the phase called where sister chromatids separate and become independent chromosomes?
Anaphase
What is the double membrane surrounding the nucleus called?
Nuclear envelope
What is the control centre of the cell?
Nucleus
What is a hypertonic solution?
A solution with solute concentration more than that of the cell.
What is the complex tunnel system made of membranes that extend throughout the cytoplasm called?
The endoplasmic reticulum
What is osmosis?
Diffusion of water
What tissue is found in vertebral disks and at the end of bones?
Cartilage
What is the constricted region of each chromosome?
Centromere
What is the jellylike material of the cell?
Cytoplasm
Which fibres stretch and recoil when air is inhaled and exhaled?
Elastic
Target cells receive the signal in a process called what?
Reception
