Test 7 Flashcards
What makes it extremely difficult to make accurate recommendations when feeding dogs?
Variations in size
When are cats strictly carnivores?
When in the wild
Which are more omnivorous, dogs or cats?
Dogs
When should clean water not be provided? (2)
Profuse vomiting is occurring
Waking up from general anesthesia
While eating, when may pets not drink as much water?
When consuming canned food
How much water does a resting dog or cat require?
1 milliliter of water per kcal of ME in the diet per day
How much of the water intake is voluntary?
2-3 times the amount of dry matter consumed
How much of the water requirements do dogs meet from drinking? Cats?
25%
10%
What can cause an increase in water requirements? (5)
Exercise Fever Diarrhea Increased salt intake Diabetes
When will water intake reach 5 times the dry matter intake? (3)
Lactation
Hot weather
Severe excretion
What can cause a decrease in water intake?
Water being too hot or cold
Poor availability
Poor quality
What are the 2 major considerations when looking at protein?
Completeness
Biological value
What things have all the required amino acids? (4)
Milk
Meat
Eggs
Soybeans
What things do not have all the required amino acids? (3)
Gelatin
Flour
Wheat
What proteins have the highest biological value?
Animal proteins
In older pets, what can feeding excessive amounts of protein affect?
Kidneys
What happens when you heat protein?
I binds together causing it to be indigestible
How much protein is digestible in dry food? Soft-moist food? Canned meat diets?
80%
84%
90%
In 8 week old puppies, how much digestible protein do they need?
18%
In 16 week old puppies, how much digestible protein do they need?
17.2%
In 9 months to 15 months old puppies, how much digestible protein do they need?
16%
In growing kittens, how much digestible protein is needed?
35%
In adult cats, how much digestible protein is needed?
At least 20%
Why do cats have greater protein requirements?
Greater activity of amino acid catabolic enzymes in the liver
What are cats more sensitive to?
Arginine deficiency
Why do cats have a greater requirement for sulfur containing amino acids? (2)
Thick hair coat
Specific requirement for taurine
What can dogs synthesize taurine from?
Cystine and methionine
What does a deficiency of taurine in cats cause?
Visual impairment
What increase the need of taurine? Why?
High fiber diets
Bile loss
Where is taurine found?
Animal tissues
What is fat important for?
Palatability
What does fat supply?
Essential fatty acids (linoleic)
What additional fatty acid do cats require?
Arachidonic acid
What can dogs and cats synthesize linolenic acid from?
Linoleic acid
What are sources of fat? (7)
Lard Suet Corn oil Cottonseed oil Olive oil Soybean oil Sunflower oil
What does excess fat cause?
Obesity and/or fatty stools
How much of dietary CHOs can dogs utilize? Cats?
65-70%
35-40%
What can high dietary raw starch cause? What else can cause this problem?
Diarrhea
Milk
Why do we incorporate CHOs?
Cheap
What does fiber absorb? Produce?
Water
More volume of stool than normal
What does fiber stimulate and maintain?
Intestinal action
How much fiber do most pet food have?
Between 1 and 8%
What may reducing diets contain more of?
Up to 32% fiber for the bulk
What are common sources of fiber? (7)
Cellulose Hemicellulose Lignin Cereal grain hulls Bran Beet pulp String beans
What are the units when figuring caloric requirements?
kcal/d
What is the equation to figure caloric requirements for 5-65 pound dog?
BW[33-.25(BW)]
What is the equation to figure caloric requirements for more than 65 pound dog?
18(BW)