Test 3 Flashcards
What are lipids?
Organic compounds that contain C, H, and O
Do lipids have more hydrogen or less hydrogen that CHOs? More or less oxygen?
More
Less
How much more energy is in lipids than CHOs?
2.25 times more
How many calories should come from fat?
Less than 30%
What is the structure of lipids?
CH3(CH2)x–COOH
What part of lipids is polar?
Carboxylic acid (COOH)
What is a short chain lipid? Examples?
Less than 14 carbons
Acetate, Butyrate, Propionate
What is an example of a long chain lipid?
Fatty acid chains
What is a saturated fatty acid?
No double bond
What are fatty acids saturated with?
Hydrogen
What are some saturated fatty acids? What is the carbon to unsaturated points ratio for each?
Myristate: C14:0
Palmitate: C16:0
Stearate: C18:0
What is an unsaturated fatty acid?
It has pi bonds and loses 2 hydrogens
What are some unsaturated fatty acids? What is the carbon to unsaturated points ratio for each?
Palmitoleic: C16:1
Oleic: C18:1
Linoleic: C18:2
Linolenic: C18:3
Arachidonic: C20:4
What is an essential fatty acid?
Can’t be synthesized by body, therefore it is a dietary requirement
What are the essential fatty acids?
Linoleic
Linolenic
Arachidonic (cats)
What is triacylglycerol composed of?
Glycerol and 3 fatty acids
Look at the structure of triacylglycerol on page 54
Look at the structure of triacylglycerol on page 54
What do the following suffixes mean for fatty acids?
Di-
Mono-
Phospho-
Glyco-
Sulfo-
2 fatty acids
1 fatty acid
Phosphate group
Carbohydrate group
Sulfate group
What is a lipoprotein?
A lipid that contains protein (cholesterol)
What is a low density lipoprotein?
High in lipid, low in protein (bad cholesterol)
What is a high density lipoprotein?
Low in lipid, high in protein (good cholesterol)
What are waxes?
Esters of fatty acids and long chain alcohols that are not digestible
What are steroids like in water?
Insoluble in water
Look at the basic structure of a steroid on page 55
Look at the basic structure of a steroid on page 55