test 6

Question 1

Reconstruction

Answer 1

• 1865-1877
• attempt to rebuild South and integrate freedmen into society

Question 2

Radical Republicans

Answer 2

• controlled Congress during Reconstruction
• pro-civil rights

Question 3

13th Amendment

Answer 3

• 1865
• abolished slavery throughout US

Question 4

Freedmen’s Bureau

Answer 4

• established to provide food, education, and legal assistance to former slaves
• faced resistance from KKK and Black Codes

Question 5

scalawags

Answer 5

• term for southern whites who supported Republicans
• supported civil rights in south

Question 6

carpetbaggers

Answer 6

• term for northerners who moved to South after war seeking economic opportunity
• supported civil rights in south

Question 7

Civil Rights Act

Answer 7

• 1866
• vetoed by Andrew Johnson, Congress overturned veto and passed it anyway

Question 8

Andrew Johnson

Answer 8

• first president to be impeached, not removed from office

Question 9

14th Amendment

Answer 9

• 1868
• granted citizenship to all people born in US except natives

Question 10

15th Amendment

Answer 10

• 1870
• prohibited denying right to vote based on race or previous condition

Question 11

Panic of 1873

Answer 11

• railroad companies defaulted on loans
• widespread unemployment in north
• shifted northern priorities and decreased support for intervention in South

Question 12

Compromise of 1877

Answer 12

• Rutherford B Hayes became president and Northern troops were removed from South
• neo-Confederate governments gained power in South

Question 13

Homestead Act

Answer 13

• 1862
• granted 160 acres of land to people who farmed it for 5 years
• encouraged westward expansion and attracted immigrants

Question 14

Dawes Act

Answer 14

• 1887
• divided Native lands into individual allotments to encourage assimilation
• Natives lost millions of acres and their communal and cultural practices were erased

Question 15

Gilded Age

Answer 15

• top 1% owned 1/4 of nation’s assets

Question 16

Railroad Strike

Answer 16

• 1877
• first nationwide labor strike
• triggered by wage cuts
• paralyzed rail traddic nationwide and led to violence
• tensions between labor unions and industrial capitalists

Question 17

Transcontinental Railroad

Answer 17

• connected eastern and western US
• facilitated commerce, immigration, and settlement
• built with labor of Irish from East and Chinese from West
• created national market and grew steel, agriculture, and mining industries
• declined Native landholding

Question 18

Industrial Giants

Answer 18

• Carnegie, Rockefeller, and Morgan amassed fortunes through monopolies/trusts
• led to founding of labor organizations like Knights of Labor and AFL

Question 19

Rockefeller

Answer 19

• Standard Oil
• horizontal integration: bought out competition

Question 20

Carnegie

Answer 20

• steel
• vertical integration: owned steps in production

Question 21

poltical machines

Answer 21

• party organization controlled politics through rigged elections and corruption

Question 22

Tammany Hall

Answer 22

• led by William “Boss” Tweed
• helped naturalize immigrants in return for votes

Question 23

Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act

Answer 23

• 1883
• passed to diminish patronage within politics by establishing merit-based hiring and competitive exams for certain gov jobs
• President Garfield had been assassinated by office seeker Charles Guiteau

Question 24

Knights of Labor

Answer 24

• 1878
• major organization for labor reform
• 8 hour workday
• accepted workers of all skill levels, including women and African Americans (segregated)

Question 25

Haymarket Affair

Answer 25

• 1886
• bomb exploded during Knights of Labor rally, killing police officers and civilians
• resulted in widespread anti-labor sentiment and growing fears of anarchism