test 1 Flashcards
idek what unit this is why does he teach like this help
1
Q
pre-Columbus Indigenous groups
A
- linked through trade networks and relied on corn
2
Q
permanent agriculture people
A
- Cahokia
- Creek
- Choctaws
3
Q
seasonally nomadic people
A
- Crow
- followed buffalo herds
4
Q
Columbian Exchange
A
- Columbus arrived in Caribbean in 1492
- transatlantic trade of biological, environmental, and cultural goods
- new food like potatoes and corn increased European nutrition and population
- European diseases devasted Indigenous people
- Indigenous groups gained access to horses and wheat
5
Q
encomienda system
A
- used by Spanish colonizers in South America, forced labor of Indigenous people
6
Q
Bartelona de las Casas
A
- wrote about harsh treatment of Indigenous people under encomienda system
- monumental in arguing for humanity of indigenous people
7
Q
Jamestown
A
- first sucessful English colony in North America began in 1607
- mostly male bc they needed hard labor to work crops
8
Q
Headright System
A
- gave 50 acres of land to anyone who paid for a voyage to Virginia
- 1618
9
Q
indentured servants
A
- wealthy people paid for the voyages of indentured servants so they got land from the headright system
- indentured servants and sponsers were legally bound by contracts
10
Q
Plymouth
A
- second successful English settlement
- Massachusetts
- dissenting pilgrims
- driven by family and religion unlike Jamestown
- puritans developed close-knit societies based on devout church membership
- believed Indigenous people couldn’t be saved
11
Q
Mayflower Compact
A
- 1620
- first agreement of self-governance in new world signed by mayflower voyagers
12
Q
City Upon a Hill
A
- 1630
- John Wintrhop’s vision for Massachusetts Bay colony, utopian puritan society
13
Q
Bacon’s Rebellion
A
- 1676
- low class frontiersmen in Virginia burned down Jamestown
- first instance of violent rebellion in US
- scared rich people into controlling lower classes and made slavery based on phenotype
- African slaves began replacing indentured servants
14
Q
Triangular Trade
A
- trade between Europe, Africa, and Americas based on demand for African slaves
- created social construct of race that determined slavehood
15
Q
Alliances in Northeast
A
- Indigenous people made alliances w/Europeans as colonization expanded
- competition for goods like beaver fur created military conflicts
16
Q
mercantilism
A
- belief that sole role of colonies is to supply mother country w/goods and to buy from them
- silver and gold is the only form of wealth
17
Q
Navigation Acts
A
- mandate that traded goods from colonies had to only go to England
18
Q
American Southwest
A
- Spanish Crown was obsessed w/precious metals in Americas
- mission system aided in Native colonization
19
Q
Pueblo Revolt
A
- 1680
- most successful native rebellion in North American history
- kicked out Spanish temporarily and forced them to accept some elements of Native culture
20
Q
Iroquois Confederacy
A
- most powerful Native alliance during Beaver Wars
21
Q
Jamestown Massacre
A
- 1622
- led by Powhatan Confederacy
22
Q
King Philip’s War (Metacom)
A
- 1675-76
- massive conflict between Natives and New England colonies
- prompted greater unity betwen colonies
23
Q
First Great Awakening
A
- 1730s-40s
- preaching by people like Jonathan Edwards
- religious revival that challenged established religious authority
- increased individualism and equality
- New Lights vs. Old Lights
- created religious diversity and contributed to development of early American identity
24
Q
Maryland
A
- originally set up to be haven for Catholics until 1692 Act of Toleration
25
Q
Pennsylvania
A
- very religiously diverse, religious and democratic freedoms
26
Q
Rhode Island
A
- complete religious freedom
- welcomed New England dissenters
27
Q
Colonial western edge
A
- became occupied by Scott-Irish and German immigrants
28
Q
colonial south
A
- dominant plantation system
- rigid socioeconomic classes
29
Q
1760
A
France, Spain, and England claimed land in 1/3 of modern US
30
Q
Ohio River Valley
A
- very coveted by French and England during Beaver Wars
