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history by adeline > Test 6 > Flashcards

Test 6 Flashcards

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1
Q

Idolatry

A

worship of idols

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2
Q

Iconoclasts

A

against use of icons

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3
Q

Iconoclasm

A

rejecting/ attacking the use of idols

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4
Q

Tetrarchy

A

rule of 3

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5
Q

Bedouin

A

nomads, tribes, desert people

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6
Q

Sheikh

A

ruling members of bedouins

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7
Q

Majlis

A

leading families from which a ruler was chosen

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8
Q

Allah

A

Islamic God

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9
Q

Muhammad:

A

Muhammad: Prophet that brought Islam

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10
Q

Ka’aba:

A

a stone building at the center of Islam’s most important mosque and holiest

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11
Q

Monotheism:Worship of one god

A

Worship of one god

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12
Q

Qu’ran

A

the ethical guidebook and code of law

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13
Q

5 pillars of Islam:

A

the declaration of faith (shahada), prayer (salaT), alms-giving (zakat), fasting (sawm) and pilgrimage (hajj)

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14
Q

Zarat:

A

almsgiving to the poor

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15
Q

Umba:

A

Umba: muslim scholars

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16
Q

Sharia:

A

code of laws to regulate everyday life

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17
Q

Hashemite

A

: lower clan of Quraish

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17
Q

Hadith:

A

collection of sayings

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17
Q

“People of the book”

A

Al Ah L’Kitab

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18
Q

Umayyad:

A

elite clan of Quraish

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19
Q

Mecca:

A

trade hub, religious center destination for hajj

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20
Q

Black stone:

A

inside ka’aba

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21
Q

Jihad:

A

holy struggle

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22
Q

Razzia

A

raids

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23
Q

Factionalism

A

a group of people with a common political purpose

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24
Q

Imam

A

leader of community and religious leader

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25
Q

Mosque:

A

islamic holy temple

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26
Q

Hagira:

A

flight/ pilgrimage from mecca to medina after being outcast

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27
Q

Ummah:

A

community

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28
Q

Caliphs:

A

Hereditary autocrat that made empire expand and become more complex

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29
Q

Dome of the rock:

A

Muslim Shrine

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30
Q

Sultan:

A

military leaders

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31
Q

Diwan:

A

council that advised caliphs

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31
Q

Sultan

A

military leaders

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32
Q

Dhimi:

A

protection

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33
Q

Sharia:

A

Islamic laws

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34
Q

Mu’awiyah:

A

founder of Umayyad Dynasty

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34
Q

Dhow:

A

ship guided by compass and astrolabe

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35
Q

Minarets:

A

pillars on Mosques

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36
Q

What was the difference between the Sunni’s and the Shiites beliefs on leadership?

A

Shiites: hereditary leadership
Sunnis: follow Muhammad’s teachings not bloodline

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37
Q

Why did Arabs succeed in expansion?

A

Drought
Converts
Camels
Unification of Bedouins
belief in salvation

38
Q

Why was it easy to convert to Islam?

A

Get away from stigma in india’s castes of sudra

Not pay Jizya

Women were value and able to engage in this religion

Poor joined because they were able to participate

39
Q

When did the hagira happen?

A

Hagira in 622

39
Q

When did Muhammad and his army re-capture Mecca

A

630

40
Q

When was jerusalem taken by Muslim armies?

A

638

40
Q

When did Muhammad die?

A

632

41
Q

When did the Umayyad Caliphate have power

A

661-750

42
Q

When did Muslim armies cross the staright of Gilbraltor

A

711

43
Q

When was the Battle Of Karbala, who won?

A

680
Sunni’ vs Shi’ites
Shi’ites defeated

Solidified split between sunni and shi’ites
Umayyads kill all of Shia/family of Muhammad
Umayyads dislikes
Corrupted

44
Q

When was the mongols conquest of Baghdad/ the abbasid caliphate

A

1258

45
Q

When was the Battle of Tours? What hapenned there?

A

732, Muslim armies stopped From european expansion by franks

45
Q

When was Baghdad’s Golden age under Harun Al Rashid?

A

late 700- early 800

46
Q

When did the muslims, led by Babr, take northern india?

A

early 1500s

47
Q

Who was Abu Bakr

A

Abu Bakr:
Muhammad’s successor
Imam
Used razzia (like Muhammad)
Muhammad’s death led to disunification

48
Q

What were the revelations?

A

Muhammad goes to the desert bc he is fed up with the greed and the angel gabriel goes to him and reveals the Qu’ran
Muhammad then returns and in 612 begins to share them

49
Q

What does Islam mean? give some details about it

A

Surrender

Men and women submit their whole body to allah
Treat others with justice, equity, compassion
Salat: ritual prayer AKA the 5 pillars

50
Q

Baghdad’s House of Wisdom

A

Analyzed greek texts
Algebra, trog, engineering astronomy
Medical
Cataract surgery
Paper
Copiers (women), booksellers,
germ theory
contagious disease
hospitals

51
Q

Alhambra

A

Reflecting pools
Luxury
Water for heating and cooling
Floral patterns

52
Q

Cordoba

A

Og mosque
Finest in all of islam

53
Q

Why didn’t Quraish like Muhammad?

A

Bc of his communist teachings of helping the poor
His follower came from many clans
Blasphemous to leave ones blood group
Result in boycott

54
Q

What happened at the battle of Badr

A

Quraish came out to stop Muhammad from Razzia of largest caravan in mecca
Muhammad’s Ummah defeated the superior Quraish

54
Q

What is a School called

A

Madras

55
Q

Abbasids Rule:

A

Less religious and more political

55
Q

Baghdad: center of trade

tell about trade

A

Paper from china
Crops: rice, sugar, sorghum, cotton
glass and wine introduced to china

56
Q

Who were the Seljuk turks:

A

Mercenaries for Abbasid caliphate

Turkish rule was beneficial
Brought temporary end to civil war
Revitalized islamic law
Political stability

57
Q

Paintings

A

No humans
Geometrics
Abstract
Calligraphy

57
Q

Weaving

A

Women, prayer mats, cozy
left no area undecorated

58
Q

Andalusia

A

Decline of Baghdad
Palace in cordoba destroyed in civil war
Almoravids brought end to religious tolerance and intellectual advancement
Only Alhambra remained standing

59
Q

What good did the islamic world do

A

Islamic world responsible for preserving and spreading scientific knowledge and philosophical achievement

59
Q

Sufism:

A

mystical relationship between allah and humans

60
Q

Tamerlane:

A

Ruler of Mongol Khanate
Seized power 1258
Conquered baghdad
Mesopotamia

60
Q

Mongols:
Akbar

A

Advanced weapons
Babr succeeded by Akbar
Akbar set out to conquer and create the greatest indian empire in Mauryan Dynasty
Akbar hostile towards muslims and islam
Hindus no longer required to pay Jizyah

60
Q

Muhammad

A

Spiritual visions unified the arab world
Prosecution of his follower led to retreat to Hagra in 622

61
Q

Mecca

A

Trade hub
religious center
No violence
Home to Ka’aba

62
Q

Teachings of Muhammad and what is Mecca

A

Trade hub
religious center
No violence
Home to Ka’aba
Teachings of Muhammad
Islam
Monotheistic
Allah is all powerful
Salvation in afterlife gives hope to all
Muhammad is a prophet not divine
Qu’ran is an ethical guidebook and code of law
5 pillars

63
Q

Surah I-

A

the opening

63
Q

Surah II

A

Explains relationship between Judaism, Christianity and Islam

63
Q

What is the hajj

A

the pilgrimage to Mecca

64
Q

What is the western part of Arabia called

A

Hejaz

64
Q

What was the dominant tribe in Mecca and western part of Arabia

A

Quraysh

65
Q

Who are the “Rightly guided ones”

A

Rashidun

66
Q

What is ritual fasting called

A

Sawn

67
Q

What is the declaration of Faith

A

Shahada

68
Q

What is the Islamic Law called

A

Sharia

69
Q

Who are the Shias

A

followers of Ali

70
Q

What are muslim scholars who determine doctrine, beliefs and law based on the study of Quran and Hadith

A

Ulama

71
Q

What is almsgiving called

A

Zarat

71
Q

who were Muhammad’s first followers?

A

Ummah: Ali, Abu Bakr, Thman, Umar

72
Q

What are some rules to follow if you are islam

A

no drinking alcohol, no lying, no eating pig, no gambling

72
Q

What are the Gods of the 3 abrahamic religions called

A

Judaism “Yahweh,”
Christianity “jehovah”
Islam’s “Allah”
“God”

73
Q

city with 100 bookshops in 9th century aka Europe’s most advanced city

A

Cordoba

73
Q

City were muslims make the hajj

A

Medina

74
Q

First african land to come under muslim rule

A

egypt

74
Q

Considered holy land of 3 religions

A

Jerusalem

74
Q

Successful invasion of… was led by Babr

A

Samarkand

75
Q

HArun al Rashid’s capital

A

Baghdad

76
Q

Holy city of islam, where muhammad purified the Ka’aba in all its images

A

Mecca

77
Q

Capital city of Umayyad caliphate

A

Damascus

78
Q

Islamic forces were stopped at a battle here

A

Tours

78
Q

The hegira was from mecca to

A

Medina

79
Q

Peninsula between Asia and africa

A

Persia

80
Q

Site of the Nasrid Palace complex the alhambra

A

Granada

history by adeline (9 decks)

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