Test 6 Flashcards
Idolatry
worship of idols
Iconoclasts
against use of icons
Iconoclasm
rejecting/ attacking the use of idols
Tetrarchy
rule of 3
Bedouin
nomads, tribes, desert people
Sheikh
ruling members of bedouins
Majlis
leading families from which a ruler was chosen
Allah
Islamic God
Muhammad:
Muhammad: Prophet that brought Islam
Ka’aba:
a stone building at the center of Islam’s most important mosque and holiest
Monotheism:Worship of one god
Worship of one god
Qu’ran
the ethical guidebook and code of law
5 pillars of Islam:
the declaration of faith (shahada), prayer (salaT), alms-giving (zakat), fasting (sawm) and pilgrimage (hajj)
Zarat:
almsgiving to the poor
Umba:
Umba: muslim scholars
Sharia:
code of laws to regulate everyday life
Hashemite
: lower clan of Quraish
Hadith:
collection of sayings
“People of the book”
Al Ah L’Kitab
Umayyad:
elite clan of Quraish
Mecca:
trade hub, religious center destination for hajj
Black stone:
inside ka’aba
Jihad:
holy struggle
Razzia
raids
Factionalism
a group of people with a common political purpose
Imam
leader of community and religious leader
Mosque:
islamic holy temple
Hagira:
flight/ pilgrimage from mecca to medina after being outcast
Ummah:
community
Caliphs:
Hereditary autocrat that made empire expand and become more complex
Dome of the rock:
Muslim Shrine
Sultan:
military leaders
Diwan:
council that advised caliphs
Sultan
military leaders
Dhimi:
protection
Sharia:
Islamic laws
Mu’awiyah:
founder of Umayyad Dynasty
Dhow:
ship guided by compass and astrolabe
Minarets:
pillars on Mosques
What was the difference between the Sunni’s and the Shiites beliefs on leadership?
Shiites: hereditary leadership
Sunnis: follow Muhammad’s teachings not bloodline
Why did Arabs succeed in expansion?
Drought
Converts
Camels
Unification of Bedouins
belief in salvation
Why was it easy to convert to Islam?
Get away from stigma in india’s castes of sudra
Not pay Jizya
Women were value and able to engage in this religion
Poor joined because they were able to participate
When did the hagira happen?
Hagira in 622
When did Muhammad and his army re-capture Mecca
630
When was jerusalem taken by Muslim armies?
638
When did Muhammad die?
632
When did the Umayyad Caliphate have power
661-750
When did Muslim armies cross the staright of Gilbraltor
711
When was the Battle Of Karbala, who won?
680
Sunni’ vs Shi’ites
Shi’ites defeated
Solidified split between sunni and shi’ites
Umayyads kill all of Shia/family of Muhammad
Umayyads dislikes
Corrupted
When was the mongols conquest of Baghdad/ the abbasid caliphate
1258
When was the Battle of Tours? What hapenned there?
732, Muslim armies stopped From european expansion by franks
When was Baghdad’s Golden age under Harun Al Rashid?
late 700- early 800
When did the muslims, led by Babr, take northern india?
early 1500s
Who was Abu Bakr
Abu Bakr:
Muhammad’s successor
Imam
Used razzia (like Muhammad)
Muhammad’s death led to disunification
What were the revelations?
Muhammad goes to the desert bc he is fed up with the greed and the angel gabriel goes to him and reveals the Qu’ran
Muhammad then returns and in 612 begins to share them
What does Islam mean? give some details about it
Surrender
Men and women submit their whole body to allah
Treat others with justice, equity, compassion
Salat: ritual prayer AKA the 5 pillars
Baghdad’s House of Wisdom
Analyzed greek texts
Algebra, trog, engineering astronomy
Medical
Cataract surgery
Paper
Copiers (women), booksellers,
germ theory
contagious disease
hospitals
Alhambra
Reflecting pools
Luxury
Water for heating and cooling
Floral patterns
Cordoba
Og mosque
Finest in all of islam
Why didn’t Quraish like Muhammad?
Bc of his communist teachings of helping the poor
His follower came from many clans
Blasphemous to leave ones blood group
Result in boycott
What happened at the battle of Badr
Quraish came out to stop Muhammad from Razzia of largest caravan in mecca
Muhammad’s Ummah defeated the superior Quraish
What is a School called
Madras
Abbasids Rule:
Less religious and more political
Baghdad: center of trade
tell about trade
Paper from china
Crops: rice, sugar, sorghum, cotton
glass and wine introduced to china
Who were the Seljuk turks:
Mercenaries for Abbasid caliphate
Turkish rule was beneficial
Brought temporary end to civil war
Revitalized islamic law
Political stability
Paintings
No humans
Geometrics
Abstract
Calligraphy
Weaving
Women, prayer mats, cozy
left no area undecorated
Andalusia
Decline of Baghdad
Palace in cordoba destroyed in civil war
Almoravids brought end to religious tolerance and intellectual advancement
Only Alhambra remained standing
What good did the islamic world do
Islamic world responsible for preserving and spreading scientific knowledge and philosophical achievement
Sufism:
mystical relationship between allah and humans
Tamerlane:
Ruler of Mongol Khanate
Seized power 1258
Conquered baghdad
Mesopotamia
Mongols:
Akbar
Advanced weapons
Babr succeeded by Akbar
Akbar set out to conquer and create the greatest indian empire in Mauryan Dynasty
Akbar hostile towards muslims and islam
Hindus no longer required to pay Jizyah
Muhammad
Spiritual visions unified the arab world
Prosecution of his follower led to retreat to Hagra in 622
Mecca
Trade hub
religious center
No violence
Home to Ka’aba
Teachings of Muhammad and what is Mecca
Trade hub
religious center
No violence
Home to Ka’aba
Teachings of Muhammad
Islam
Monotheistic
Allah is all powerful
Salvation in afterlife gives hope to all
Muhammad is a prophet not divine
Qu’ran is an ethical guidebook and code of law
5 pillars
Surah I-
the opening
Surah II
Explains relationship between Judaism, Christianity and Islam
What is the hajj
the pilgrimage to Mecca
What is the western part of Arabia called
Hejaz
What was the dominant tribe in Mecca and western part of Arabia
Quraysh
Who are the “Rightly guided ones”
Rashidun
What is ritual fasting called
Sawn
What is the declaration of Faith
Shahada
What is the Islamic Law called
Sharia
Who are the Shias
followers of Ali
What are muslim scholars who determine doctrine, beliefs and law based on the study of Quran and Hadith
Ulama
What is almsgiving called
Zarat
who were Muhammad’s first followers?
Ummah: Ali, Abu Bakr, Thman, Umar
What are some rules to follow if you are islam
no drinking alcohol, no lying, no eating pig, no gambling
What are the Gods of the 3 abrahamic religions called
Judaism “Yahweh,”
Christianity “jehovah”
Islam’s “Allah”
“God”
city with 100 bookshops in 9th century aka Europe’s most advanced city
Cordoba
City were muslims make the hajj
Medina
First african land to come under muslim rule
egypt
Considered holy land of 3 religions
Jerusalem
Successful invasion of… was led by Babr
Samarkand
HArun al Rashid’s capital
Baghdad
Holy city of islam, where muhammad purified the Ka’aba in all its images
Mecca
Capital city of Umayyad caliphate
Damascus
Islamic forces were stopped at a battle here
Tours
The hegira was from mecca to
Medina
Peninsula between Asia and africa
Persia
Site of the Nasrid Palace complex the alhambra
Granada
