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history 9 by adeline > Test 3 > Flashcards

Test 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the chinese history cycle

A

1) Kings of a new dynasty earned right to rule by wisdom and virtue

2) Passed rule down to sons who overtime became lazy, decadent and corrupt

3) Decadence-> dissolution-> a new man, wise and powerful becomes kings

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2
Q

Who were the people that came to china

A

???

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3
Q

What were the 2 river valleys?
What are some qualities of these rivers?

A

the Yangtze and the Yellow
Yangtze- fast, rough, deep
Yellow- slow, shallow, mellow

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4
Q

What were china’s natural barriers

A

Mountains and deserts

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5
Q

When was the Zhou dynasty?

A

1045- 256 BCE

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6
Q

What dynasty did the Zhou overthrow?

A

Shang dynasty (oppressive tyrany)

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7
Q

How was Zhou dynasty governed?

A

Divided into territories and ruled members of hereditary aristocracy

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8
Q

What was the mandate of heaven?

A

granted right to rule through virtue that could be lost (new dif kings take old ones place)

Belief that heaven maintained order through the kings (kings: representatives of heaven but not heavenly themselves)

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9
Q

What was the structure of Zhou dynasty?

A

Feudalism, ???

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10
Q

What was the well-field system and what did the symbol look like

A

field allotment and taxation method in ancient China.

井- well (of water)
k - the peasants worked on the land for their owners but also got some to cultivate for their own use

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11
Q

What is feudalism in status of zhou dynasty

A

_. king
|
/ | \
lord lord lord
/ \ / \ / \
peasants peasants peasants

peasants gave food and money to lords in exchange for protection

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12
Q

What was the big rat poem about?

A

lords imposing taxes on the poor

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13
Q

What did the 3rd-6th centuries BCE symbolize

A

era of growth and innovation

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14
Q

what was the leading agriculture?

A

wet rice (primary source of food) and grains

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15
Q

What were a couple innovations that led to the boom of wealth and growth in china

A

> the irrigation system- still used today
canals
dams
iron plows
field rotation/ fallow
use of manure as fertilizer
harness

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16
Q

What is a dynasty

A

Political authority held by family groups (family is a loose term in society, could mean direct descendent or close friend) over long periods of time

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17
Q

Who started the cycle of chinese history and what date

A

The Xia

2205-1766

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18
Q

When did the Shang dynasty rule and what did they discover/ use

Why were these so important?

A

1766- 1122 BCE

bronze-
>required authoritarian king to force miners
> sophisticated art

oracle bones-
> composite ideograms
- turtles, oxen
>used to advice kings
>mixture between symbols and pictures

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19
Q

What does the word Tian mean?

A

Heaven

However is not connected to god, not anthropomorphic (other-wordly force)

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20
Q

What is a bureaucracy?

What does it include

A

a gov. run by official power divided into ministries

Ministries:
- rites
- education
- law
- public works

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21
Q

what is terrace farming

A

mountain farming, wet rice cultivation

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22
Q

rice:

A

multiple harvests per year, wet, grown in warm environments

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23
Q

What type of currency did the zhou dynasty use?

A

GRAIN, cowries, shells, iron shaped into diff ways. (differs on which colony you look at)

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24
Q

What was the importance of having a money economy?

A

Money economy= stable gov (strong social order) and cohesive culture

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25
WHo created Confucianism and when?
Kong Fuci (scholar) AKA Confucius 551 BCE
26
What was the view of heaven in confucianism and what is the key to proper behavior
View of Heaven -> detached and skeptical Proper way-> through the Dao (the way)
27
What is confucianism in simple terms and what is expected of a person following it
All individuals were responsible for their own interests and aspirations people are inherently good
28
What is human heartedness
sense of compassion and empathy for others Do unto others as you want done to you
29
What is Confucius' view on government and who should run it
Gov should be open to all men, superior men
30
What is legalism?
all human actions should be directed to the effort to create a strong and prosperous state and subject to the law (school of law)
31
What is the legalist view of humanity and what did they reject
All people are inherently bad rejected the idea that supier men could solve the nation's problems instead a system of impersonal laws
32
WHat was the confucian belief on filial piety? What is the order of filial piety? What does filial piety do?
1) Not be disobedient 2) bury correctly 3) sacrifices should be made 4) respect parents (rules 2 and 3 about serving departed spirits) Parent> child Husband> wife Older sibling> younger sibling older friend> younger friend Ruler> subject teacher> student Creates order in society
33
What was the capital city of the Zhou dynasty?
Louyang (be able to locate on map
34
Qin Dynasty was the first truly __________ government in chinese history. When was it established and when did end
unified (it had a centralized state) 221- 206 BCE
35
What were the 3 ministries of the Qin dynasty
1) civil authority 2) military authority 3) censorate (efficiency by officials)
36
How were positions appointed?
By court
37
What were some qualities of the Qin's centralized government
>eliminated rivals >secured tax revenues > government monopolies >cavalry >forced labor > censorship
38
What was the new technology that came from the Qin dynasty?
> cavalry > written forms of chinese characters
39
How were aristocrats treated?
Badly and unsympathetically
40
How did climate change impact the nomadic people
drier climate -> animal husbandry competition for best pastures tribal violence against gov-> great wall being built
41
What were Eunuchs and what were their purpose
a man whose testicles were removed served as a personal attendants of the kings and the female members of the royal family
42
How were eunuchs in a position of power?
confidential advisors
43
What did censorship have to do with the fall of the Qin
Severe censorship led to the burning of the books, severe laws on people who talked of/ read the books (murder) led to revolts and mutiny
44
When was the Han dynasty and who was the ruler
202 BCE -221 BC Han Gaozu
45
What was the foundation of the new state philosophy of the Han dynasty
Confucian principles but legalist institution (state confucionism)
46
What forced the change in policy in the Han dynasty?
chronic unrest
47
Where was power concentrated? How was power devised?
Imperial Court By Merit
48
What effect did tax have on population
tax-> larger families from 20 million -> 60 million
49
What role did aristocrats play in society
dominate role in political and economics ordeals/ had power
50
What effect did Fiscal policies have on land
Land concentration in hands of wealthy limited 1 acre of land per person ( poor person)
51
How did the han dynasty effect manufacturing and trade
>unparalleled productivity and prosperity > expansion of trade >merchants subject to severe constraints - rejected from seeking office - restricted in residence - viewed as parasites of society > weaponry, shipyards, mines, bridges, rest houses, postal stations created > silk road
52
What was the imperial expansion and what does it have to do with the silk road?
Zhang Qian seeking allies led to new information on military (led to first chinese military) trade expansion --->| ------>Contacts with rome | ------> silk road | brought buddhism / new leading religion in china
53
Who seized power after courts power crumbled? What was the next dynasty?
Wang Mang Xin Dynasty
54
What did the Xin dynasty do?
>Alienated powerful interest >reduced taxes and carried out land resettlement programs then corruption came and land went back into the hands of the wealthy
55
What were the reasons for decay of Xin dynasty?
> skirmishes w/tribes > professional armies recruited >raids
56
Who seized power after Xin?
Cao Cao (tsow tsow)
57
Who founded daoism?
laozi
58
What was the primary document of daoism? What are the features of it?
Dao de Jing > very short > does not focus on meaning of cosmos but on proper forms of behavior > present a way to view life and its ultimate meaning > individualistic approach
59
WHat was popular religion?
>viewed daoism as less of a philosophy and more of religion > training of mind and body
60
What was heaven to the chinese
terrain with people, gods, spirits(both good and bad)
61
What was the veneration of ancestors?
>spirits lived in the atmosphere before ascending to heaven or hell >rituals - without them spirits become evil and haunt - burned physical objects
62
What is the daoist answer to Confucianism
When you know what is good then you know the boundaries of evil
63
What is the capital of the Qin dynasty?
Xian Yang
64
What is the capital of the Han dynasty?
Chang'an
65
When was the Zhou dynasty?
1046- 256 BCE
66
When was the Qin dynasty?
221- 206 BCE
67
When was the han dynasty?
206 BCE-220 CE
68
When was the shang dynasty?
1766-1122 BCE
69
When wa the death of Confucius?
479 BCE
70
When was the warring of States period?
476-221 BCE
71
When were the earliest version of the Tao te Ching
400 BCE
72
What were the three eras of the Zhou
golden, spring, warring states
73
How and when did the Qin come to power
????
74
Which mountains meant heavenly mountains
Tien shan
75
The silk road stretched from which river in the east to which in the east
Yellow -> euphrates -> indus
76
What were 3 ways the qin centralized gov
triparticiple gov, power was taken away from aristocrats, money system, land was given to peasant
77
How did the Han dynasty advance society
textile manufacturing, water mills, iron casting, paper, rigging, rudder
78
How was state confucianism a blend of philosophies
kept centralized government but got rid of harsh punishment
79
How did the Han treat merchants
Did Not allow them to seek political office, stiff taxes on trade, below peasant class, called parasites
80
What were the capitals of the Han
Chang'an, Louyang
81
What was the school of law
the creators of legalism, 60,000 students
82
Who created daoism
Lao zi
83
Who was the first emperor of the Zhou dynasty
Wen or wu
84
Who was the most powerful Qin emperor
Qin Shi Huang di
85
What was the civil service examinations
system in Imperial China administered for the purpose of selecting candidates for the state bureaucracy
86
WHo was the emperor of the Han dynasty
Han Gaozu
87
Who were the Xiongnu
violent nomads, they were the reason the Great Wall of China was built
88
Who are the terracotta warriors and what did they represent
>statues >7,000 >wealth > immense power over working class, to make statues > the harsh environment in the Qin dynasty >
89
What philosophy follows the analects?
The Confucians

history 9 by adeline (9 decks)

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