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history 9 by adeline > Test 3 > Flashcards

Test 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the chinese history cycle

A

1) Kings of a new dynasty earned right to rule by wisdom and virtue

2) Passed rule down to sons who overtime became lazy, decadent and corrupt

3) Decadence-> dissolution-> a new man, wise and powerful becomes kings

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2
Q

Who were the people that came to china

A

???

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3
Q

What were the 2 river valleys?
What are some qualities of these rivers?

A

the Yangtze and the Yellow
Yangtze- fast, rough, deep
Yellow- slow, shallow, mellow

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4
Q

What were china’s natural barriers

A

Mountains and deserts

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5
Q

When was the Zhou dynasty?

A

1045- 256 BCE

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6
Q

What dynasty did the Zhou overthrow?

A

Shang dynasty (oppressive tyrany)

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7
Q

How was Zhou dynasty governed?

A

Divided into territories and ruled members of hereditary aristocracy

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8
Q

What was the mandate of heaven?

A

granted right to rule through virtue that could be lost (new dif kings take old ones place)

Belief that heaven maintained order through the kings (kings: representatives of heaven but not heavenly themselves)

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9
Q

What was the structure of Zhou dynasty?

A

Feudalism, ???

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10
Q

What was the well-field system and what did the symbol look like

A

field allotment and taxation method in ancient China.

井- well (of water)
k - the peasants worked on the land for their owners but also got some to cultivate for their own use

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11
Q

What is feudalism in status of zhou dynasty

A

_. king
|
/ | \
lord lord lord
/ \ / \ / \
peasants peasants peasants

peasants gave food and money to lords in exchange for protection

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12
Q

What was the big rat poem about?

A

lords imposing taxes on the poor

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13
Q

What did the 3rd-6th centuries BCE symbolize

A

era of growth and innovation

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14
Q

what was the leading agriculture?

A

wet rice (primary source of food) and grains

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15
Q

What were a couple innovations that led to the boom of wealth and growth in china

A

> the irrigation system- still used today
canals
dams
iron plows
field rotation/ fallow
use of manure as fertilizer
harness

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16
Q

What is a dynasty

A

Political authority held by family groups (family is a loose term in society, could mean direct descendent or close friend) over long periods of time

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17
Q

Who started the cycle of chinese history and what date

A

The Xia

2205-1766

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18
Q

When did the Shang dynasty rule and what did they discover/ use

Why were these so important?

A

1766- 1122 BCE

bronze-
>required authoritarian king to force miners
> sophisticated art

oracle bones-
> composite ideograms
- turtles, oxen
>used to advice kings
>mixture between symbols and pictures

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19
Q

What does the word Tian mean?

A

Heaven

However is not connected to god, not anthropomorphic (other-wordly force)

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20
Q

What is a bureaucracy?

What does it include

A

a gov. run by official power divided into ministries

Ministries:
- rites
- education
- law
- public works

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21
Q

what is terrace farming

A

mountain farming, wet rice cultivation

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22
Q

rice:

A

multiple harvests per year, wet, grown in warm environments

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23
Q

What type of currency did the zhou dynasty use?

A

GRAIN, cowries, shells, iron shaped into diff ways. (differs on which colony you look at)

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24
Q

What was the importance of having a money economy?

A

Money economy= stable gov (strong social order) and cohesive culture

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25
Q

WHo created Confucianism and when?

A

Kong Fuci (scholar) AKA Confucius

551 BCE

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26
Q

What was the view of heaven in confucianism and what is the key to proper behavior

A

View of Heaven -> detached and skeptical
Proper way-> through the Dao (the way)

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27
Q

What is confucianism in simple terms and what is expected of a person following it

A

All individuals were responsible for their own interests and aspirations

people are inherently good

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28
Q

What is human heartedness

A

sense of compassion and empathy for others

Do unto others as you want done to you

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29
Q

What is Confucius’ view on government and who should run it

A

Gov should be open to all men, superior men

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30
Q

What is legalism?

A

all human actions should be directed to the effort to create a strong and prosperous state and subject to the law
(school of law)

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31
Q

What is the legalist view of humanity and what did they reject

A

All people are inherently bad

rejected the idea that supier men could solve the nation’s problems instead a system of impersonal laws

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32
Q

WHat was the confucian belief on filial piety?

What is the order of filial piety?

What does filial piety do?

A

1) Not be disobedient
2) bury correctly
3) sacrifices should be made
4) respect parents

(rules 2 and 3 about serving departed spirits)

Parent> child
Husband> wife
Older sibling> younger sibling
older friend> younger friend
Ruler> subject
teacher> student

Creates order in society

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33
Q

What was the capital city of the Zhou dynasty?

A

Louyang (be able to locate on map

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34
Q

Qin Dynasty was the first truly __________ government in chinese history.

When was it established and when did end

A

unified (it had a centralized state)

221- 206 BCE

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35
Q

What were the 3 ministries of the Qin dynasty

A

1) civil authority
2) military authority
3) censorate (efficiency by officials)

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36
Q

How were positions appointed?

A

By court

37
Q

What were some qualities of the Qin’s centralized government

A

> eliminated rivals
secured tax revenues
government monopolies
cavalry
forced labor
censorship

38
Q

What was the new technology that came from the Qin dynasty?

A

> cavalry
written forms of chinese characters

39
Q

How were aristocrats treated?

A

Badly and unsympathetically

40
Q

How did climate change impact the nomadic people

A

drier climate -> animal husbandry

competition for best pastures

tribal violence against gov-> great wall being built

41
Q

What were Eunuchs and what were their purpose

A

a man whose testicles were removed

served as a personal attendants of the kings and the female members of the royal family

42
Q

How were eunuchs in a position of power?

A

confidential advisors

43
Q

What did censorship have to do with the fall of the Qin

A

Severe censorship led to the burning of the books, severe laws on people who talked of/ read the books (murder)

led to revolts and mutiny

44
Q

When was the Han dynasty and who was the ruler

A

202 BCE -221 BC
Han Gaozu

45
Q

What was the foundation of the new state philosophy of the Han dynasty

A

Confucian principles but legalist institution
(state confucionism)

46
Q

What forced the change in policy in the Han dynasty?

A

chronic unrest

47
Q

Where was power concentrated?

How was power devised?

A

Imperial Court

By Merit

48
Q

What effect did tax have on population

A

tax-> larger families

from 20 million -> 60 million

49
Q

What role did aristocrats play in society

A

dominate role in political and economics ordeals/ had power

50
Q

What effect did Fiscal policies have on land

A

Land concentration in hands of wealthy

limited 1 acre of land per person ( poor person)

51
Q

How did the han dynasty effect manufacturing and trade

A

> unparalleled productivity and prosperity
expansion of trade
merchants subject to severe constraints
- rejected from seeking office
- restricted in residence
- viewed as parasites of society
weaponry, shipyards, mines, bridges, rest houses, postal stations created
silk road

52
Q

What was the imperial expansion and what does it have to do with the silk road?

A

Zhang Qian seeking allies led to new information on military (led to first chinese military)

trade expansion —>|
——>Contacts with rome |
——> silk road |
brought buddhism
/
new leading religion in china

53
Q

Who seized power after courts power crumbled? What was the next dynasty?

A

Wang Mang

Xin Dynasty

54
Q

What did the Xin dynasty do?

A

> Alienated powerful interest
reduced taxes and carried out land resettlement programs

then corruption came and land went back into the hands of the wealthy

55
Q

What were the reasons for decay of Xin dynasty?

A

> skirmishes w/tribes
professional armies recruited
raids

56
Q

Who seized power after Xin?

A

Cao Cao (tsow tsow)

57
Q

Who founded daoism?

A

laozi

58
Q

What was the primary document of daoism? What are the features of it?

A

Dao de Jing
> very short
> does not focus on meaning of cosmos but on proper forms of behavior
> present a way to view life and its ultimate meaning
> individualistic approach

59
Q

WHat was popular religion?

A

> viewed daoism as less of a philosophy and more of religion
training of mind and body

60
Q

What was heaven to the chinese

A

terrain with people, gods, spirits(both good and bad)

61
Q

What was the veneration of ancestors?

A

> spirits lived in the atmosphere before ascending to heaven or hell
rituals
- without them spirits become evil and haunt
- burned physical objects

62
Q

What is the daoist answer to Confucianism

A

When you know what is good then you know the boundaries of evil

63
Q

What is the capital of the Qin dynasty?

A

Xian Yang

64
Q

What is the capital of the Han dynasty?

A

Chang’an

65
Q

When was the Zhou dynasty?

A

1046- 256 BCE

66
Q

When was the Qin dynasty?

A

221- 206 BCE

67
Q

When was the han dynasty?

A

206 BCE-220 CE

68
Q

When was the shang dynasty?

A

1766-1122 BCE

69
Q

When wa the death of Confucius?

A

479 BCE

70
Q

When was the warring of States period?

A

476-221 BCE

71
Q

When were the earliest version of the Tao te Ching

A

400 BCE

72
Q

What were the three eras of the Zhou

A

golden, spring, warring states

73
Q

How and when did the Qin come to power

A

????

74
Q

Which mountains meant heavenly mountains

A

Tien shan

75
Q

The silk road stretched from which river in the east to which in the east

A

Yellow -> euphrates -> indus

76
Q

What were 3 ways the qin centralized gov

A

triparticiple gov, power was taken away from aristocrats, money system, land was given to peasant

77
Q

How did the Han dynasty advance society

A

textile manufacturing, water mills, iron casting, paper, rigging, rudder

78
Q

How was state confucianism a blend of philosophies

A

kept centralized government but got rid of harsh punishment

79
Q

How did the Han treat merchants

A

Did Not allow them to seek political office, stiff taxes on trade, below peasant class, called parasites

80
Q

What were the capitals of the Han

A

Chang’an, Louyang

81
Q

What was the school of law

A

the creators of legalism, 60,000 students

82
Q

Who created daoism

A

Lao zi

83
Q

Who was the first emperor of the Zhou dynasty

A

Wen or wu

84
Q

Who was the most powerful Qin emperor

A

Qin Shi Huang di

85
Q

What was the civil service examinations

A

system in Imperial China administered for the purpose of selecting candidates for the state bureaucracy

86
Q

WHo was the emperor of the Han dynasty

A

Han Gaozu

87
Q

Who were the Xiongnu

A

violent nomads, they were the reason the Great Wall of China was built

88
Q

Who are the terracotta warriors and what did they represent

A

> statues
7,000
wealth
immense power over working class, to make statues
the harsh environment in the Qin dynasty

89
Q

What philosophy follows the analects?

A

The Confucians

history 9 by adeline (9 decks)

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