Test 3 Flashcards
What is the chinese history cycle
1) Kings of a new dynasty earned right to rule by wisdom and virtue
2) Passed rule down to sons who overtime became lazy, decadent and corrupt
3) Decadence-> dissolution-> a new man, wise and powerful becomes kings
Who were the people that came to china
???
What were the 2 river valleys?
What are some qualities of these rivers?
the Yangtze and the Yellow
Yangtze- fast, rough, deep
Yellow- slow, shallow, mellow
What were china’s natural barriers
Mountains and deserts
When was the Zhou dynasty?
1045- 256 BCE
What dynasty did the Zhou overthrow?
Shang dynasty (oppressive tyrany)
How was Zhou dynasty governed?
Divided into territories and ruled members of hereditary aristocracy
What was the mandate of heaven?
granted right to rule through virtue that could be lost (new dif kings take old ones place)
Belief that heaven maintained order through the kings (kings: representatives of heaven but not heavenly themselves)
What was the structure of Zhou dynasty?
Feudalism, ???
What was the well-field system and what did the symbol look like
field allotment and taxation method in ancient China.
井- well (of water)
k - the peasants worked on the land for their owners but also got some to cultivate for their own use
What is feudalism in status of zhou dynasty
_. king
|
/ | \
lord lord lord
/ \ / \ / \
peasants peasants peasants
peasants gave food and money to lords in exchange for protection
What was the big rat poem about?
lords imposing taxes on the poor
What did the 3rd-6th centuries BCE symbolize
era of growth and innovation
what was the leading agriculture?
wet rice (primary source of food) and grains
What were a couple innovations that led to the boom of wealth and growth in china
> the irrigation system- still used today
canals
dams
iron plows
field rotation/ fallow
use of manure as fertilizer
harness
What is a dynasty
Political authority held by family groups (family is a loose term in society, could mean direct descendent or close friend) over long periods of time
Who started the cycle of chinese history and what date
The Xia
2205-1766
When did the Shang dynasty rule and what did they discover/ use
Why were these so important?
1766- 1122 BCE
bronze-
>required authoritarian king to force miners
> sophisticated art
oracle bones-
> composite ideograms
- turtles, oxen
>used to advice kings
>mixture between symbols and pictures
What does the word Tian mean?
Heaven
However is not connected to god, not anthropomorphic (other-wordly force)
What is a bureaucracy?
What does it include
a gov. run by official power divided into ministries
Ministries:
- rites
- education
- law
- public works
what is terrace farming
mountain farming, wet rice cultivation
rice:
multiple harvests per year, wet, grown in warm environments
What type of currency did the zhou dynasty use?
GRAIN, cowries, shells, iron shaped into diff ways. (differs on which colony you look at)
What was the importance of having a money economy?
Money economy= stable gov (strong social order) and cohesive culture
WHo created Confucianism and when?
Kong Fuci (scholar) AKA Confucius
551 BCE
What was the view of heaven in confucianism and what is the key to proper behavior
View of Heaven -> detached and skeptical
Proper way-> through the Dao (the way)
What is confucianism in simple terms and what is expected of a person following it
All individuals were responsible for their own interests and aspirations
people are inherently good
What is human heartedness
sense of compassion and empathy for others
Do unto others as you want done to you
What is Confucius’ view on government and who should run it
Gov should be open to all men, superior men
What is legalism?
all human actions should be directed to the effort to create a strong and prosperous state and subject to the law
(school of law)
What is the legalist view of humanity and what did they reject
All people are inherently bad
rejected the idea that supier men could solve the nation’s problems instead a system of impersonal laws
WHat was the confucian belief on filial piety?
What is the order of filial piety?
What does filial piety do?
1) Not be disobedient
2) bury correctly
3) sacrifices should be made
4) respect parents
(rules 2 and 3 about serving departed spirits)
Parent> child
Husband> wife
Older sibling> younger sibling
older friend> younger friend
Ruler> subject
teacher> student
Creates order in society
What was the capital city of the Zhou dynasty?
Louyang (be able to locate on map
Qin Dynasty was the first truly __________ government in chinese history.
When was it established and when did end
unified (it had a centralized state)
221- 206 BCE
What were the 3 ministries of the Qin dynasty
1) civil authority
2) military authority
3) censorate (efficiency by officials)
