Test 2 Flashcards
Date Aryans became established in india
1500 BCE
When did civilizations appear
3102 BCE
Death of the Buddha
480 BCE
When was the Mahabharata and Ramayana written
100 BCE
When was the Reign of Ashoka
269-232 BCE
Drividian:
one variety of people
India’s earliest civilizations archeological sites
lots of small lots(1,000+)
Why did early civilization have a decline
already on hard times or natural phenomena(rain, social decay, floods, earthquakes, epidemic)
2 major early indian cities
Harappa in the punjab and the Mohenjo Daro
where were Aryans from og
indus river valley
Major theory that was disputed about early india’s decline
destroyed by aryan: no the aryans did not arrive until 4 centuries after
what were the changes in technology after the aryans came to india
rion(iron plow), irrigation, chariots + stirrup, kings, epics]
Define: Aryans
northern pastoralist (nomads)
Define Raja
leader of aryan group (chieftain: princes)
Maharaja
chieftains turning into kings
dharma
set of behavioral laws based on your gender, social status, job, (all people)
When did Manu start his reign
3102 BCE
Languages used in early india
Sanskrit, prakrit
Kshatriya
warrior class
WHat is the sermon of Mahabharata
Bhagavad Gita forms part of Hindu epic Mahabharata
Harappa and Mohenjo Daro traits
a) mud brick villages
b) grid street plan
c) thick walls for a border
d) non centralized monarchy
- trade w/ sumer -> cotton
manu story:
fish warned him about flood, built ark, first historical story of india (3201) marks beginning of written history in region
Caste and Class:
hierarchal division of society in which each individual was placed (defined by occupation and status within broader community)
aryans
colorist, classist, lightskin-> implied high status
Varna
literal meaning: color
set of social classifications that determined ones occupation and status in society as well as hope of salvation
Brahmins
priestly class
Brahma
supreme god in region
Vaisya:
commoners, merchant class, twice born: men at puberty initiated
Sudras:
bulk of indian population:
-not considered fully aryan
- indigenous people
-manual labor
Outcasts
pariahs, slaves, untouchables, even after slavery was abolished they were given degrading tasks, war criminals, ethnic minorities
Class divisions were _________
absolute
The Jati:
extended families that originated in india and still exist
identified with a varna
Daily life:
centered around family -> linked religiously,. oldest male possessed legal authority, women were inferior: little utility, child marriage, sexulaized in powerful way, always considered a minor, could not study. Women were however given respect because of the manu
Sati:
husband dies you die too (you throw yourself into his grave)
Caste system: (list and what)
1) brahmins
2) Kshatriya
3) vaishya
4) sudras
5) outcastes and pariahs
Who is Purusha Sukta
the cosmic man, Wrote Rig Veda, born both inside and outside the world, 4 principles of hinduism
What are the 4 principles of hinduism
kama, the pursuit of pleasure; artha, the pursuit of material success; dharma, leading a just and good life; and moksha, enlightenment,
What did the purusha hold inside himself? how many parts did he assign to his form and what did the caste systems have to do with it?
The moon, sun, sky, earth, the regions,!!! Indra:king of gods, Agni: Guardian of sacrifice, Vayu: breath/wind/messenger
13 parts
Mouth: brahmins to spread the words and teach
arms: kshatriya to fight
thighs: Vaisya to work (manual labor
feet:sudra dirtiest more grueling work but necessary to survive