Test 2

Question 1

Date Aryans became established in india

Answer 1

1500 BCE

Question 2

When did civilizations appear

Answer 2

3102 BCE

Question 3

Death of the Buddha

Answer 3

480 BCE

Question 4

When was the Mahabharata and Ramayana written

Answer 4

100 BCE

Question 5

When was the Reign of Ashoka

Answer 5

269-232 BCE

Question 6

Drividian:

Answer 6

one variety of people

Question 7

India’s earliest civilizations archeological sites

Answer 7

lots of small lots(1,000+)

Question 8

Why did early civilization have a decline

Answer 8

already on hard times or natural phenomena(rain, social decay, floods, earthquakes, epidemic)

Question 9

2 major early indian cities

Answer 9

Harappa in the punjab and the Mohenjo Daro

Question 10

where were Aryans from og

Answer 10

indus river valley

Question 10

Major theory that was disputed about early india’s decline

Answer 10

destroyed by aryan: no the aryans did not arrive until 4 centuries after

Question 11

what were the changes in technology after the aryans came to india

Answer 11

rion(iron plow), irrigation, chariots + stirrup, kings, epics]

Question 12

Define: Aryans

Answer 12

northern pastoralist (nomads)

Question 13

Define Raja

Answer 13

leader of aryan group (chieftain: princes)

Question 14

Maharaja

Answer 14

chieftains turning into kings

Question 15

dharma

Answer 15

set of behavioral laws based on your gender, social status, job, (all people)

Question 16

When did Manu start his reign

Answer 16

3102 BCE

Question 17

Languages used in early india

Answer 17

Sanskrit, prakrit

Question 18

Kshatriya

Answer 18

warrior class

Question 19

WHat is the sermon of Mahabharata

Answer 19

Bhagavad Gita forms part of Hindu epic Mahabharata

Question 20

Harappa and Mohenjo Daro traits

Answer 20

a) mud brick villages
b) grid street plan
c) thick walls for a border
d) non centralized monarchy
- trade w/ sumer -> cotton

Question 21

manu story:

Answer 21

fish warned him about flood, built ark, first historical story of india (3201) marks beginning of written history in region

Question 23

Caste and Class:

Answer 23

hierarchal division of society in which each individual was placed (defined by occupation and status within broader community)

Question 24

aryans

Answer 24

colorist, classist, lightskin-> implied high status

Question 25

Varna

Answer 25

literal meaning: color
set of social classifications that determined ones occupation and status in society as well as hope of salvation

Question 26

Brahmins

Answer 26

priestly class

Question 27

Brahma

Answer 27

supreme god in region

Question 28

Vaisya:

Answer 28

commoners, merchant class, twice born: men at puberty initiated

Question 29

Sudras:

Answer 29

bulk of indian population:
-not considered fully aryan
- indigenous people
-manual labor

Question 30

Outcasts

Answer 30

pariahs, slaves, untouchables, even after slavery was abolished they were given degrading tasks, war criminals, ethnic minorities

Question 31

Class divisions were _________

Answer 31

absolute

Question 32

The Jati:

Answer 32

extended families that originated in india and still exist
identified with a varna

Question 33

Daily life:

Answer 33

centered around family -> linked religiously,. oldest male possessed legal authority, women were inferior: little utility, child marriage, sexulaized in powerful way, always considered a minor, could not study. Women were however given respect because of the manu

Question 34

Sati:

Answer 34

husband dies you die too (you throw yourself into his grave)

Question 35

Caste system: (list and what)

Answer 35

1) brahmins
2) Kshatriya
3) vaishya
4) sudras
5) outcastes and pariahs

Question 36

Who is Purusha Sukta

Answer 36

the cosmic man, Wrote Rig Veda, born both inside and outside the world, 4 principles of hinduism

Question 37

What are the 4 principles of hinduism

Answer 37

kama, the pursuit of pleasure; artha, the pursuit of material success; dharma, leading a just and good life; and moksha, enlightenment,

Question 38

What did the purusha hold inside himself? how many parts did he assign to his form and what did the caste systems have to do with it?

Answer 38

The moon, sun, sky, earth, the regions,!!! Indra:king of gods, Agni: Guardian of sacrifice, Vayu: breath/wind/messenger

13 parts

Mouth: brahmins to spread the words and teach
arms: kshatriya to fight
thighs: Vaisya to work (manual labor
feet:sudra dirtiest more grueling work but necessary to survive

Question 39

Why is there only one place in the whole Rigveda that mentions castes?

Answer 39

Historians think the brahmins put it in there to justify being at the top of the pyramid.

Question 40

What are the Vedas?

Answer 40

Sacred texts, knowledge, 1500 BCE, oldest world religion, Set of 4 collections: Rigveda, Samaveda, Yajurveda, and Atharvaveda.

Question 41

Ascetism:

Answer 41

Practice of self mutilation/harm to receive epiphany or magic. Evolved into yoga

Question 42

Reincarnation:

Answer 42

reborn in a different form after death

Question 43

Final destination:

Answer 43

union w/ the great world soul, Brahma

Question 44

Karma:

Answer 44

actions

Question 45

Dharma:

Answer 45

law regulating human behavior ->different for everyone

Question 46

Brahman were expected not to ________

Answer 46

eat meat because it interrupts dharma

Question 47

Who are the 3 great gods and what are they called?

Answer 47

Brahma: the creator
Vishnu: the preserver
Shriva: the destroyer

Trimurti

Question 48

Atman:

Answer 48

individual soul

Question 49

Mahburhata:

Answer 49

800 BCE-300 BCE
epic comprising of hindu mythology

Question 50

Purusartha

Answer 50

objective of men four proper goals or aims of a human life:

Dharma (righteousness, moral values), Artha (prosperity, economic values), Kama (pleasure, love, psychological values) and Moksha (liberation, spiritual values, self-actualization).

Question 51

artha:

Answer 51

attitude and capability to remain living. to do well to thrive in your dharma

Question 52

kama:

Answer 52

emotional fulfillment and pleasure in life

Question 53

Moksha:

Answer 53

release into ultimate goal

Question 54

Lord Krishnas arguments convincing arjuna he should lead his troops into battle against his teacher, family, and friends

Answer 54

1) Ataman: your not gonna kill them, they are already destined to die
2) it is your dharma you will bring shame and if you dont you will gain evil
3) Its the gods doing if your arrow strikes not yours

Question 55

Who is ganesha?

Answer 55

Son of Shiva and Parvati, elephant head

Question 56

What is the Ramayana?
WHo are the characters and what do they do in the story how do they connect to the odyssey?

Answer 56

The Ramayana is an ancient Sanskrit epic which follows Prince Rama’s quest to rescue his beloved wife Sita from the clutches of Ravana with the help of an army of monkeys. Sita is left to live alone because she lived in another man’s home and when she was put to the test she tried to kill herself to prove her love but was saved by the fire god and Sita and rama ar reunited.

Question 57

What was the new doctrine after Brahmanism?

Answer 57

Buddhism

Question 58

Who was the founder of Buddhism?

Answer 58

Siddhartha Gautama (only depicted in art in symbols)

Question 59

Siddhartha’s early life and how it affected his journey
to buddhism. (4 journeys)

Answer 59

Part of kshatriya
1) At age 29 on 4 different journeys he discovered illness, old age, death and asceticism.
2) he abandoned his home
3) tried to follow asceticism but it did not grant him greater understanding (he meditated under a bodhi tree)
4) Found middle ground

Question 60

Nirvana:

Answer 60

extinction of selfhood and a reunion with the greater world soul. achieved in life. a dreamless sleep. Enlightenment

Question 61

What are the 4 Nobel truths:

Answer 61

1) Life= suffering
2) suffering is caused by desire
3) end desire= end suffering
4) to end desire avoid extremes: materialism and ascetism

follow the middle path: (eightfold path)
Right to… knowledge, purpose, speech, conduct, occupation, effort, awareness, meditation

Question 62

What is a Buddhist teacher called who has teacher nirvana?

Answer 62

Boddhisattva

Question 63

What does a lotus signify?
And what symbol that correlates to lotus?
what does that symbol mean?

Answer 63

it emerges from mid everyday to be clean and beautiful. Purity

Mandela: symbol of universe in ideal form for mediation

Question 63

Differences + Similarities of Brahmanism to Buddhism

Answer 63

Differences:
-no individual soul
-rejection of divided humanity based on class systems
- castes, creator, atman, deities
-rejects violence

Similarities:
-karma
-reincarnation
-adhesma, chastity, ascetics

Question 64

What is the eightfold path?

Answer 64

all begin with the word “right”:

Right to… knowledge, purpose, speech, conduct, occupation, effort, awareness, meditation

Question 65

What is Jainism?

Answer 65

the path to enlightenment through nonviolence.

Question 66

Who is the Mahavira?

Answer 66

Nataputta Vardhamana

Question 66

When was Jainism created?

Answer 66

599 BCE

Question 67

What are the Mahavira’s teachings?

Answer 67

5 vows:
ex: Ahimsa=nonviolence

Question 67

WHo created jainism? What was his caste? What lifestyle did he adapt?

Answer 67

Nataputta Vardhamana
kshatriya
ascetism

Question 68

What does jainism maintain from brahmanism?

Answer 68

samsara and karma

Question 69

Samsara:

Answer 69

cycle of reincarnation

Question 70

rejects (these principles of brahmanism)

Answer 70

castes, creater, violence

Question 71

Who is ashoka:
and what was he like as king

Answer 71

Grandson of Chandragupta Maurya. Considered the greatest ruler in the history of India.
Started reign as a pillaging, conquering killer but realized the error of his ways and converted to buddhism

Question 72

What were the reasons for India’s Failures?

Answer 72

-decline in regional trade
-tribal rivalries
-glorified warfare
A) “The rule of the fishes”

Question 73

What were the 3 religious structures of buddhism? describe them…
How were they embellished and what did there art forms represent?

Answer 73

Pillars, Stupas, Rock Chamber

embellished with sense of nature and vitality of life

Expresses other worldly delights

Question 74

Examples of India’s Scientific advancements:

Answer 74

• Amassed great amounts of info on mathematics especially physics
• quality textiles