Test #1 Flashcards
Define: Neolithic revolution
a shift to agriculture from hunter gather
Define: Patriarchy
a system where men hold power and women are largely exclude
What are the seven traits of civilization
-urban focus
-new political and military structures
- new social structures based on economical power
-more complexity in material sense
-religious structure
-writing
- new forms of artistic and intellectual activity
five rivers were the early civilizations happened
Tigris, Euphrates, nile, indus, yellow
in Mesopotamia a complex system was needed for________
flooding
the city states of sumer:
Uruk(most important), erridu, ur, umma, lagash
Sumer’s building materials
dried mud bricks
What were the sumerian beliefs of kingship
“descended from heaven.” It was a gift from the gods and the king was therefore divinely chosen.
Sumers social groups
elites, dependent commoners, independent commoners
slaves
What were the two Sumerian empires and their leaders:
Akkadians: Sargon
Babylon: Hummerabis
Review the Code of Hammurabi
How did it reflect the class systems and men over women
IN Mesopotamia what did a country’s success depend on?
The Gods
What are some troubles that came from the mesopotamian environment and how did it affect how they saw the Gods:
floods, downpours, winds, humidity resulting in famines that convinced people of supernatural forces
Define: Polytheism
belief in many gods
Define: deity
a god or goddess in a polytheistic religion
What is cuneiform?
a system of writing on reed stylus and clay tablets
What is the miracle of the nile
predictable flooding bringing rich soil and provided natural barriers: deserts, caratracts
What is the importance of writing
enabled society the keep records
How is the miracle of the nile different from the mesopotamian rooms
The mesopotamian rivers aren’t predictable
how was the nile a source of unity
A source of food and transport and integrated into the cultural, social, and religious lives of the people.
What was the role of a pharaoh in society and religion
divine being who maintained stability in cosmic order
what was the purpose of egyptian art
the performance of rituals, had the power to grant immortal life
Egyptian form of writing
hieroglyphics
how were humans made according to The epic of gilgamesh
out of clay by the goddess Aruru
Who was the deity that protected gilgamesh
shamash
who wanted gilgamesh as a lover
Ishtar
Why did gilgamesh go on the quest to find Utnapishtim
because he was sad about enkidu
What was Siduri’s advice?
his quest would fail because the gods never granted eternal life to a mortal
he should be satisfied with the riches of his life
What was the most impactful part of Utnapishtim’s story
there was no secret knowledge that would get him into eternal life.
How do we know gilgamesh becomes a better person at the end of the story.
he was gonna give his plant to his people, he vowed to be a better king to his people
How is the hebrew bible different than other regions
monotheistic, each individual can have a relationship with god
What do scholars say about Israelite’s history keeping
scholars doubt that the biblical account reflects the true history of early israelites because the books were written centerys after the events described and achriological evidence contridicts it
What were the characteristics of the israelite God
gracious, slow to anger, rich in love
what was the covenant
Israelites promised to obey and yahweh promised to special take care of them
define prophets:
inspired teachers of the will of the lord
What was the assyrian idea of kingship
king had absolute power
How did the assyrians keep their kingdom under control
outstanding conquerors, effective military (organized, disciplined, large etc), the use of terror in battle, iron weapons, committing atrocities against captives
who was the king of the assyrians
king Ashurbanipal
who had a law system based on revenge
assyrians
what are the characteristics of an empire
expansion of territory, centralized territory different cultures
When did the earliest civilizations appear in the 5 great river valleys?
3000 BCE
When was the great pyramid of Khufu built
2540 BCE
When was the reign of Sargon of Akkad
2340 BCE
When did the early versions of gilgamesh start
2000 BCE
When was the reign of Hammurabi
1792-1750 BCE
When was King Davids city founded
1000 BCE
Assyrian Empire
700 BCE
first commandment
Worship no god but me
What does the ten commandments say not to make
idols
Law about harvest time in Leviticus
do not pick at the edges
Law about judging in Leviticus
judge all people fairly
law about about israelites in Leviticus
do not hate them or take vengeance on them
law about strangers in Leviticus
welcome them in anf love them
What should a king be according to the II book of Samuel (2 examples)
strong, courageous, faithful, humble
What is henotheism
The israelite belief that others have their gods but israel had its ONE god and that their one god was superior
How and why do communities form and develop
the rise of agriculture and trade allowed people to have surplus food and economic stability
What causes civilizations to change
internal change, external pressure, and environmental collapse
What causes conflict between communities
people’s cultural and religious identities
What is a delta
a landform shaped like a triangle
What did the gods represent
the element
3 historical kings in Jerusalem
Saul, Soloman, David
What is the difference between progressivism and revolutionism
progressivism seeks to advance the human condition through social reform while revolutionism wants more radical and transformative change through overthrow of the og system
The book of the dead
showed how to get into the underworld
Who came up with the idea of the hero’s journey
Joseph Campbell
What is the easternmost river of the mesopotamia
tigris
What is the westernmost river in mesopotamia
euphrates
King davids city
Jerusalem
