Test # 5 Neonatal pharm Flashcards
What drug increases renal function
Betamethasone
What drug decreases renal function
Aminoglycosides
What drug dose and the interval times decreases as the infant gets older
Gentamicin
What are usually the first antibiotics started when you suspect sepsis?
Amp and Gent
What drug is used to treat GBS, listeria, and some gram neg organisms? Usually IV (best bioavailability) Q12 hrs
Ampicillin
What drug is used to treat gram neg organisms. Renal excretion - watch nephrotoxicity & ototoxicity
Must check level (usually before 2nd dose)
Gentamicin
What drug is given when an infant has been on amp and gent already and a nosocomial infection has been suspected?
Vancomycin
What drug is used to treat gram positive organisms including staph epidermidis, and MRSA
check levels!! nephrotoxicity/ototoxicity
Causes Red man syndrome is given too fast!
Vancomycin
What drug is used to treat broad spectrum gram negative organisms. Pseudomonas coverage!
Must have cultures pending so you can go to a more specific antibx
Cefotaxime
What type of antibiotics do we use broad spectrum first when we have sicker infant; then we try to narrow down a specific drug to kill the bacteria that is growing
Empiric
Infant’s cultures come back after starting vancomycin and the infant is growing Candida. What drug should we start and why is the did this happen?
We made the fungi start growing bc of the strong antibiotics
Amphotericin B
most proven therapy; nephrotoxicity
Fluconazole
few SE, prophylaxis in H risk neonates (IV)
26 week in RDS, requiring vent support. CXR= lungs not full inflated…
What drug should be given?
Surfactant - from pig, calf, and cow lungs
it allows us to provide the infant with lower pressures when they still can get higher tidal volunms
What drug is usually started when an infant has a murmur/PDA
PDA - carries the blood away from the lungs in utero
Indomethacin
Indomethacin is what kind of inhibitor? it has been known to cause oliguria, platelet probs, and NEC!!!
May prevent IVH
Prostaglandin inhibitor
What 3 drugs is usually used to treat apnea of prematurity.
Caffeine, Methylxanthine, and Theophylline
If an infant is requiring lots of O2 support and is turing into BPD, what 3 drug therpies should be used?
Diuretics, Steroids, and B agonist
What is one type of lasix that is most commonly used in the NI. must watch for Hyponatremia, and hypokalemia
And Hypercalcemia - steals Ca from bones and makes renal stones
Furosemide
A less potent lasix for BPD. Less SE. Watch for hyperglycemia, hypokalemia, and Hypercalcemia
Thiazide
Another less potent lasix for BPD.
A Potassium sparing one (watch for hyperKalemia)
Spironolactone
What is the most common corticoid steroid used for BPD. must watch for chemstrips and BP. use lowest dose possible to decrease SE and lessen neurological probs.
Dexamethasone
What is one drug that is inhaled (usually) fro BPD. It decrease brochospasms but causes tachy and irritability
B agonist - Albuterol
What drug is used for MAS, a pulmonary vasodilator. put inline with vent tubing. Very, very short half-life so usually can’t cause systemic vasodilation
Must check methemo - “blue baby”
iNO
Don’t use in hypoplastic L heart syndrome
When a baby is born with transpoisiton of the great vessels (blood just keeps circulating in a loop with some mixing through the PDA) what drug is started to keep the PDA open for survival until heart surgery?
Prostan - Prostaglandin E!!
promotes dilation of the ductus arteriosus. a continuous infusion.
SE: fever, and apnea
