Test # 4 Antihistamines

Question 1

What does the endogenous cell do with histamine

Answer 1

The histamine is synthesized, stored and released to effect other cells

Question 2

Where are the mast cells, basophils, and neurons for histamine to be synthesized?

Answer 2

mast - skin, resp, gi
Baso - blood
neurons - CNS, PNS

Question 3

what receptors are members of the super family of G-protein coupled receptors?

Answer 3

Histamine receptors

Question 4

What happens when histamine binds to type 1 receptors?

Answer 4

this causes bronchoconstriction, redness (vascular endothelium - BV dialate), and cardiac tissue

Question 5

What happens when histamine binds to type 2 receptors?

Answer 5

it activates the parietal cells which causes acid production

Question 6

What receptor is the main cause of the increase activity of the CNS making people more arousaled

Answer 6

H3 histamine receptor

Question 7

What are three 1st gen H1 receptor antagonist to treat allergy symptoms?

Answer 7

diphenhydramine, hydroxyzine, and chlorpheniramine

Question 8

What are three 1st gen H1 receptor antagonist to treat motion sickness symptoms?

Answer 8

cyclizine, meclizine, dimenhydrenate (dramamine)

Question 9

What is one1st gen H1 receptor antagonist to treat vomiting symptoms?

Answer 9

promethazine (phenergan)

Question 10

What do the 1st gen H1 antagonist all cause and why

Answer 10

CNS depression and sedation because it crosses the BBB and the placenta

Try to use at night

Question 11

The 1st gen H1 antagonist also cause an anticholinergic effect which causes

Answer 11

ANTI-SLUDE - red as a beet, blind as a bat, dries the patient us!

Question 12

What drugs can cause a paradoxical effect in children? (makes them really hyper and can’t sleep)

Answer 12

1st gen H1 antagonist

Question 13

What are the (4) 2nd gen H1 receptor antagonist
they are for daytime use to treat allergy symptoms

Does NOT cross placenta - good for preg!

Answer 13

acrivistine
fexofenadine - excreted in the feces
loratadine - excreted in the urine
desloratadine

Question 14

What is one 2nd gen H1 receptor antagonist that might cause some CNS depression - not recommended for pilots

Answer 14

Cetirizine (Zyrtec) - excreted in the urine

Question 15

What are (4) H2 receptor antagonist that help decrease the gastric acid production in the parietal cells - good tx for GERD

Answer 15

cimetidine
famoatadine - pepcid
nizatidine
ranitidine - zantac

Question 16

What is one mast cell stabilizer that inhibits the secretion of histamine in the form of a nasal spray and also an inhaler

Answer 16

cromolyn sodium (NasalCrom)

Question 17

What is one mast cell stabilizer that inhibits the secretion of histamine in the form of eye gtts

Answer 17

nedocromil - (Alocril)

Question 18

What are some SE of the mast cell stabilizers?

Answer 18

cough and bitter taste

these are used prophylacticly for asthma and rhinitis

Question 19

What is the first line in severe anaphylaxis?

Answer 19

Epinephrine

then 1st gen H1 receptor antagonist

Question 20

What are two drugs that are used prophylaxis for allergic disorders?

Answer 20

cromolyn sodium (NasalCrom)
nedocromil - (Alocril)