Test #5 Antibiotics Flashcards
What is the most severe reaction when taking Penicillins (B lactams)
Allergic reactions
What is an adverse reaction when on microlides?
Jaundice - which increases levels of drugs metabolized in liver!
What drug interacts with anything that contains metal ion? It decreases the absorption of the drug. Ex - Ca++ supplements and vitamines
Tetracyclines
What toxic effects do aminoglycosides have that limit their clinical use?
Ototoxicity - on the 8th cranial nerve
and balance distruptions
What are two drugs that inhibit folic acid production in the bacteria so they can no longer grow?
Sulfonamides and Trimethoprim
What drug can cause kidney obstruction and also cause toxic encephalopathy in newborns
Sulfonamides
What antibiotic should not be given to pregnant women because they need the folic acid for their fetus?
Trimethoprim
What drug is not an antibiotic? but is used to treat UTI in long term therapy. It effects the DNA, RNA, and Protein synthesis
Nitrofurans
What drug can interfere with RBC enzyme systems in babies so it is contraindicated in near term pregnancies
Nitrofurans
What are two anti-TB drugs
- blocks mycobacterium cell wall
- blocks RNA synthesis (but not in human cells)
- Isoniazid
2. Rifampin
What fungicidal drug causes nephrotoxicity and should not be given with anything else that causes this. It targets ergosterol, binds to cell membrane and forms a canal to let things leak out and die
Polyene
what drug causes interaction with warfarin, barbs, any drug that will increase stomach pH (antacids, proton pump inhibitors), and metal ion components?
Azoles - Fluconazole
What mechanism of resistance is common with Azoles. the fungi make so many receptors and the drug can’t overcome the amount to kill fungi?
Efflux transporter over-expression
Where do all antivirals work?
at the Nucleic acid synthesis stage
What drug acts like a chain terminator to the DNA synthesis in a virus cell - it prevents the DNA from growing?
Acyclovir
What causes people to become resistant to Acyclovir?
not having the enzyme responsible for the phosphorylation = no activation of acyclovir
What causes dose limiting when taking Acyclovir?
Renal insufficiency - Seen in HIV patients and
antiretroviral and antiherpal to have an interaction b/c liver metabolism
What make Ganciclovir best for treating CMV
It is phosphorylated by a viral phosphotransferase encoded in CMV
What drug is used to treat CMV in the eye (retinitis) and also used in patients that are resistant to Acyclovir because it doesn’t need the specific enzyme to be activated
Cidofovir
What two drugs are only used to treat activity against Influenza A?
Amantidine and Rimantidine
What two drugs are used to treat Flu A & B (not in pregnant women) it blocks the neuramnidase enzyme which stops the RNA from leaving to go infects another cell
Oseltamivir and Zanamivir
What are the two drugs used to treat Hepatits?
Interferons and Ribavirin
What is an SE of HIV protease inhibitors? and how do these drugs work to kill the virus?
Crystalluria
they work by inhibiting the enzyme (aspartyl protease) from making the enzyme into a mature form
What are two HIV entry inhibitors that blocks:
- gp120
- gp41
- Maraviroc
2. enfuvirtide
One reason HIV isn’t curable is because
it integrates into host chromosome
What is the newest drug to treat HIV. It is na HIV integrase inhibitor. It prevents the virus from going into the host chromosome
Raltegravir
