Test 4: The Ankle and Foot Joints

Question 1

How many bones are in the ankle and foot?

Answer 1

26

Question 2

What are the main functions of the foot?

Answer 2

Supports & propulsion

Question 3

How many large muscles are in the foot?

Answer 3

19

Question 4

Movement of the top of the ankle & foot toward anterior tibia

Answer 4

Dorsiflexion (flexion)

Question 5

Movement of ankle & foot away from tibia

Answer 5

Plantar flexion (extension)

Question 6

Turning ankle & foot outward; abduction, away from midline; weight is on medial edge of foot

Answer 6

Eversion

Question 7

Turning ankle & foot inward; adduction, toward midline; weight is on lateral edge of foot

Answer 7

Inversion

Question 8

Combination of ankle dorsiflexion, subtalar eversion, & forefoot abduction (toe-out)

Answer 8

Pronation

Question 9

Combination of ankle plantar flexion, subtalar inversion, & forefoot adduction (toe-in)

Answer 9

Supination

Question 10

If the foot is too rigid it doesn’t __________ adequately

Answer 10

Pronate

Question 11

Difference between walking & running:

Answer 11

Walking= one foot is always in contact with ground
Running= point of time when neither foot is in contact with ground

Question 12

_____ bones in each foot that form arch

Answer 12

26

Question 13

Between the talus & 3 cuniforms

Answer 13

Navicular

Question 14

Between calcaneus and 4th & 5th metatarsals

Answer 14

Cuboid

Question 15

Sesamoid bones increase:

Answer 15

Mechanical advantage

Question 16

Serves as a pulley for posterior tendons to increase mechanical advantage of muscles in performing inversion & eversion actions

Answer 16

Distal malleoli of tibia & fibula

Question 17

High ankle sprain=

Answer 17

Sydesmosis joint sprain

Question 18

What does the high ankle sprain involve?

Answer 18

Anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament

Question 19

Ankle joint is a _________ joint

Answer 19

hinge

Question 20

Where does inversion & eversion happen?

Answer 20

Subtalar & transverse tarsal joints

Question 21

The subtalar & transverse tarsal joint are classified as a __________ or __________ joint

Answer 21

Gliding or Arthrodial

Question 22

The metatarsophalangeal joint is classified as a ___________ joint

Answer 22

condyloid

Question 23

Origin of the tibialis anterior:

Answer 23

Lateral condyle of tibia; proximal, lateral surface of tibia and interosseous membrane

Question 24

Insertion of tibialis anterior:

Answer 24

Medial cuneiform and base of the 1st metatarsal

Question 25

Action of the tibialis anterior:

Answer 25

* Invert the foot | * Dorsiflex the ankle

Question 26

Origin of the extensor halluces longus:

Answer 26

Middle anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane

Question 27

Insertion of the extensor halluces longus:

Answer 27

Distal phalanx of 1st toe

Question 28

Action of the extensor halluces longus:

Answer 28

* Extend the 1st toe * Dorsiflex the ankle * Invert the foot

Question 29

Halluces means:

Answer 29

big toe

Question 30

Origin of the extensor digitorum longus:

Answer 30

Lateral condyle of tibia; proximal, anterior shaft of fibula and interosseous membrane

Question 31

Insertion of the extensor digitorum longus:

Answer 31

Middle and distal phalanges of 2nd through 5th toes

Question 32

Action of the extensor digitorum longus:

Answer 32

* Extend the 2nd through 5th toes * Dorsiflex the ankle * Evert the foot

Question 33

Origin of the peroneus tertius:

Answer 33

* Distal ⅓ of anterior surface of the anterior fibula | * Adjacent portion of the interosseous membrane

Question 34

Insertion of the peroneus tertius:

Answer 34

Dorsal surface of the base of 5th the metatarsal

Question 35

Action of the peroneus tertius:

Answer 35

* STJ and midtarsal pronation | * dorsiflexion

Question 36

Origin of the peroneus longus:

Answer 36

Head of fibula and proximal ⅔ of lateral fibula

Question 37

Insertion of the peroneus longus:

Answer 37

Base of the 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform

Question 38

Action of the peroneus longus:

Answer 38

* Evert the foot | * Assist to plantar flex the ankle

Question 39

Origin of the peroneus brevis:

Answer 39

Distal ⅔ of lateral fibula

Question 40

Insertion of the peroneus brevis:

Answer 40

Tuberosity of 5th metatarsal

Question 41

Action of the peroneus brevis:

Answer 41

* Evert the foot | * Assist to plantar flex the ankle

Question 42

Origin of the gastrocnemius:

Answer 42

Condyles of the femur, posterior surfaces

Question 43

Insertion of the gastrocnemius:

Answer 43

Calcaneus via calcaneal tendon

Question 44

Action of the gastrocnemius:

Answer 44

* Flex the knee | * Plantar flex the ankle

Question 45

Origin of the soleus:

Answer 45

Soleal line; proximal, posterior surface of tibia; posterior aspect of head of fibula

Question 46

Insertion of the soleus:

Answer 46

Calcaneus via calcaneal tendon

Question 47

Action of the soleus:

Answer 47

Plantar flex the ankle

Question 48

Origin of the plantaris:

Answer 48

Lateral supracondylar line of femur

Question 49

Insertion of the plantaris:

Answer 49

Calcaneus via calcaneal tendon

Question 50

Action of the plantaris:

Answer 50

* Weak plantar flexion of the ankle | * Weak flexion of the knee

Question 51

Deep posterior compartment muscles:

Answer 51

* Tibialis Posterior (Tom) * Flexor Digitorum Longus (Dick) * Flexor Hallucis Longus (Harry)

Question 52

Origin of the tibialis posterior:

Answer 52

Proximal, posterior shaft of tibia and fibula; and interosseous membrane

Question 53

Insertion of the tibialis posterior:

Answer 53

All five tarsal bones (navicular, 3 cuneiforms, cuboid) and bases of 2nd through 4th

Question 54

Action of the tibialis posterior:

Answer 54

* Invert the foot | * Plantar flex the ankle

Question 55

Origin of the flexor digitorum longus:

Answer 55

Middle posterior surface of tibia

Question 56

Insertion of the flexor digitorum longus:

Answer 56

Distal phalanges of 2nd through 5th toes

Question 57

Action of the flexor digitorum longus:

Answer 57

* Flex the 2nd through 5th toes * Weak plantar flexion of ankle * Invert the foot

Question 58

Origin of flexor halluces longus:

Answer 58

Middle half of posterior fibula

Question 59

Insertion of the flexor halluces longus:

Answer 59

Distal phalanx of 1st toe

Question 60

Action of the flexor halluces longus:

Answer 60

* Flex the 1st toe * Weak plantar flexion of ankle * Invert foot