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KIN245 > Test 1- Part 3: Muscular System > Flashcards

Test 1- Part 3: Muscular System Flashcards

1
Q

How much body weight do muscles make up?

A

40-50%

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2
Q

What are muscle functions?

A

Joint movement
Dynamic stability of joints
Posture and support
Major producer of heat

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3
Q

What are the four muscle tissue properties?

A

Irritability
Contractility
Extensibility
Elasticity

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4
Q

Ability to return to shape after being contracted

A

Extensibility

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5
Q

Sensitive or responsive to chemical, electrical, and mechanical stimuli

A

Irritability

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6
Q

Ability to contract and develop tension against resistance when stimulated

A

Contractility

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7
Q

Ability to return to original shape after stretching

A

Elasticity

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8
Q

Example of muscle named after its shape:

A

Rhomboid

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9
Q

Example of muscle named after its size:

A

Gluteus maximus

Teres minor

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10
Q

Example of muscle named after its number of divisions:

A

Triceps brachii

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11
Q

Example of muscle named after its direction of fibers:

A

External oblique

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12
Q

Example of muscle named after its location:

A

Rectus femoris

Palmaris longus

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13
Q

Example of muscle named after its points of attachment

A

Coracobrachialis

Extensor hallus longus

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14
Q

Example of muscle named after its action:

A

Erector spinae

Supinator

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15
Q

Example of muscle named after its action & shape:

A

Pronator quadratus

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16
Q

Example of muscle named after its action & size:

A

Adductor magnus

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17
Q

Example of muscle named after its shape & location:

A

Serratus (means “notched”) anterior

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18
Q

Example of muscle named after its location & attachment:

A

Brachioradialis

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19
Q

Example of muscle named after its location & number of divisions:

A

Biceps femoris

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20
Q

FIbers arranged parallel to length of the muscle; produce greater ROM and endurance

A

Parallel

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21
Q

Shorter fibers that are arranged obliquely to their tendon

A

Pennate

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22
Q

Types of parallel muscles:

A 
Flat
Fusiform
Strap
Spincter
Radiate
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23
Q

Types of pennate muscles:

A

Unipennate
Bipennate
Multipennate

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24
Q

Thin and broad originating from broad, fibrous, sheet like aponeurosis allowing force distribution. Give example

A

Flat

Rectus abdominus & external oblique

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25
Q

Long muscle with uniform diameter throughout allowing force to be focused onto small bony targets. Give example:

A

Strap

Sartorius

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26
Q

Spindle-shaped with belly that tapers toward each end allowing force to be focused onto small bony targets. Give example:

A

Fusiform

Brachialis & brachioradialis

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27
Q

Fibers concentrically arranged around a body opening. Endless strap muscle to surround and close openings. Give example:

A 
Spincter
Orbicularis oris (surrounds mouth)
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28
Q

Similar to flat on one end and fusiform on the other end. Give example:

A

Radiate

Pectoralis major & trapezius

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29
Q

Fibers run obliquely from a tendon on one side only. Give example:

A

Unipennate

Biceps femoris & tibialis posterior

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30
Q

Several tendons w/ fibers running diagonally between them. Give example:

A

Multipennate

Deltoid

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31
Q

Fibers run obliquely on both sides from central tendon

A

Rectus femoris

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32
Q

Muscles located within or belonging to the part on which they act

A

Intrinsic

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33
Q

Muscles that arise or originate outside of the body part on which they act

A

Extrinsic

34
Q

The distal attachment of a muscle

A

Insertion

35
Q

Specific movement of a joint that results from a contraction of a muscle that crosses the joint

A

Action

36
Q

Usually the proximal attachment of a muscle

A

Origin

37
Q

Tough, flexible bands of fibrous tissue that connect muscles to bones

A

Tendon

38
Q

Central, fleshy portion of muscle

A

Gastor

39
Q
  • Tendinous expansion of dense fibrous connective tissue that is sheet like in appearance
  • Serves as fascia to bind muscles together or to bone
A

Aponeurosis

40
Q
  • Band of fibrous connective tissue that envelopes, seperates, or binds parts of the body (muscles, organs, etc)
  • Some joints have a fascia that form retinaculum to retain tendons close to the body
A

Fascia

41
Q

What are the 3 muscle contractions?

A 
Isometric 
Isontonic 
- Concentric
- Eccentric
Isokinetic
42
Q

Tension develops as muscle shortens, causes movement against gravity

A

Concentric contraction

43
Q

Maintains static or stable position; joint angle remains constant

A

Isometric contraction

44
Q

Lengthens while maintaining tension; resistance overcomes force (negative)

A

Eccentric

45
Q

Means “same speed”; uses concentric & eccentric muscle actions (dynamic)

A

Isokinetic contraction

46
Q

What are the 5 roles of muscles?

A 
Agonist
Antagonist
Stabilizers
Synergists
Neutralizers
47
Q

Have the opposite concentric actions as agonists. Opposite side of joint

A

Antagonist

48
Q

Surrounds joint or body part. Contracts to fixate or stabilize an area to allow another limb to exert force

A

Stabilizer

49
Q

Any muscle that causes a specific joint motion.

A

Agonist

Prime movers & assisters

50
Q

Neutralize unwanted motion in muscles that have multiple functions

A

Neutralizers

51
Q

Muscles that assist in the action of an agonist but are not prime movers

A

Synergist

52
Q

What are some determination of muscle actions?

A 
Lines of pull
Dissection
Palpation
Models
EMG
Electrical stimulation
53
Q

Combines a knowledge of the joint’s functional design and the location of musculotendinous units

A

Lines of pull

54
Q

What two systems work together resulting in all voluntary movement?

A

Muscular & nervous system

55
Q

What are the 5 major parts of the central nervous system (CNS)?

A 
Cerebral cortex
Basal ganglia
Cerebellum
Brain stem
Spinal cord
56
Q

This CNS part controls maintenance of posture, equilibrium, and learned movements (walking, bike, driving).

A

Basal ganglia

57
Q

This CNS part is the highest level of control and is where the creation of voluntary movement starts but not specific muscle activity

A

Cerebral cortex

58
Q

This CNS part is the major integrator of sensory impulses and providing feedback

A

Cerebellum

59
Q

This CNS part controls balance and rhythmic activities

A

Basal ganglia

60
Q

This CNS part integrates all central nervous system activity through excitation and inhibition of neuromusclular actions

A

Brain stem

61
Q

This CNS part is the common pathway between CNS and PNS

A

Spinal cord

62
Q

This CNS part controls timing and intensity of contraction, assists in refinement

A

Cerebellum

63
Q

This CNS part functions in maintaining a wakeful state

A

Brain stem

64
Q

All the remaining nerves make up

A

Peripheral nervous system

65
Q

This PNS division goes down (efferent) from the CNS to the muscles

A

Motor (Myotomes)

66
Q

This PNS division goes up (afferent) from the receptors to the CNS

A

Sensory (Dermatomes)

67
Q

Internal receptors located in the skin, joints, muscles, and tendons

A

Proprioceptors

68
Q

This proprioception part is located in the muscle belly between fibers. Sensitive to stretch and rate of stretch (reflexes & balances)

A

Muscle spindle

69
Q

This prevents your muscles from bursting. (tells/makes you stop when lifting too heavy)

A

Golgi tendon organ

70
Q

Responds to changes in joint angles. Located arount joint capsules, ligaments, tendon, and beneath skin

A

Pacinian corpuscles

71
Q

Located in deep layers of skin and joint capsules. Activated by strong and sudden joint movements as well as pressure changes

A

Ruffini’s corpuscles

72
Q

Single muscle neuron and all of the muscle fibers it innervates

A

Motor unit

73
Q

Muscles will contract maximally or NOT AT ALL; amount of force depends on # of fibers recruited

A

All or none principle

74
Q

Developed when muscle is stretched beyond resting length

A

Passive tension

75
Q

Dependent on # of motor units and their respective muscle fibers recruited

A

Active tension

76
Q

Max tension depends on the length of muscle during contraction

A

Muscle length-tension relationship

77
Q

Rate of length change is related to amount of force production

A

Muscle force-velocity relationship

78
Q

Cross and act on only one joint

A

Unilarticular

79
Q
  • Muscles that cross and act on two different joints
  • May cause actions at one or both joints when contracted
  • May shorten at one joint and lengthen at another
A

Biarticular

80
Q
  • Concurrent: squat to stand; hip and knee both extending

* Counterconcurrent: kicking a ball; hip flexes and knee extends

A

Concurrent vs. countercurrent

81
Q

When agonist contracts, antagonist muscle groups must relax and lengthen

A

Reciprocal inhibition

KIN245 (14 decks)

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