Test 3: Elbow and Forearm Flashcards
Elbow movements:
Flexion & extension
Supination & pronation
Uniaxial articulation (direction of one movement)
Articular surfaces allow motion in only one plane
Motions- flexion and extension
Ginglymus (hinge) joint
What are examples of a hinge joint in elbow?
ex. humeroulnar joint, humeroradial joint
Also uniaxial articulation
Motions
• Rotation, supination, pronation
Trochodial (pivot, screw joint)
Example of trochoidal joint
Proximal & distal radio-ulnar joints
Widest part of elbow
Epicondyles
Normal ROM for radioulnar (forearm) movements
Pronation/supination 70°/85°
Normal ROM Humeroulnar & Humeroradial Movments
Normal ROM
• 0° - 145°
(biceps get in the way)
Annular l. of radius
starts on radius, wraps around ulna, connects back to radius.
Ulnar collateral l. is usually associated with what sport position and what surgery?
Baseball pitchers
Tommy John’s Surgery
Ligament that resists varus stress
Radial collateral
Ligament that stabilizes the proximal
radius during supination and pronation
Annular ligament
Origin of Biceps Brachii
Long head • Supraglenoid tubercle of scapula, labrum Short head • Coracoid process of the scapula
Insertion of bicep brachii
Tuberosity of the radius and
aponeurosis of the biceps
brachii
Action of biceps brachii
Flex the elbow
Supinate the forearm
Flex the shoulder
(something important about long head)
Origin of brachialis
Distal half of anterior surface of humerus
Insertion of brachialis
Tuberosity and coronoid
process of ulna
Action of brachialis
Flex the elbow
Location of brachialis
Deep to bicep brachii
Origin of brachioradialis
Proximal ⅔ of lateral
supracondylar ridge of
humerus (just remember lateral supracondylar ridge)
Insertion of brachioradialis
Styloid process of radius
Action of brachioradialis
Flex the elbow Assist to pronate and supinate the forearm when these movements are resisted (not primary mover, assister)
Origin of the Triceps Brachii
Long head • Infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula Lateral head • Posterior surface of proximal ½ of humerus Medial head • Posterior surface of distal half of the humerus
Insertion of triceps brachii
Olecranon process of the ulna
Action of the triceps brachii
All heads • Extend the elbow Long head • Extend the shoulder • Adduct the shoulder
`Origin of the pronator teres
Common flexor tendon from
medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process of the ulna
Insertion of the pronator teres
• Middle of lateral surface of the radius
Action of the pronator teres
- Pronate the forearm
* Assist to flex the elbow
Origin of the Supinator
• Lateral epicondyle of humerus • Radial collateral ligament • Annular ligament • Supinator crest of the ulna
Insertion of the supinator
• Anterior, lateral surface of
proximal ⅓ of radial shaft
Action of supinator
Supinate the forearm
Origin of the anconeus
Lateral epicondyle of the humerus
Insertion of the anconeus
Olecranon process and
posterior, proximal surface of
ulna
Actions of the anconeus
Extends the elbow
Origin of the pronator quadratus
Medial, anterior surface of distal ulna
Insertion of the pronator quadratus
Lateral, anterior surface of distal radius
Action of the pronator quadratus
Pronate the forearm
Synergists for Elbow Extension
Triceps brachii (all heads) Anconeus
Synergists for Forearm Supination (Proximal and Distal Radioulnar Joints
Biceps brachii
Supinator
Brachioradialis (assists)
Synergists – Forearm Pronation (Proximal
and Distal Radioulnar Joints)
Pronator teres
Pronator quadratus
Brachioradialis (assists)
Synergists – Elbow Flexion
Biceps brachii Brachialis Brachioradialis Flexor carpi radialis (assists) Flexor carpi ulnaris (assists) Palmaris longus (assists) Pronator teres (assists) Extensor carpi radialis longus (assists) Extensor carpi radialis brevis (assists)
