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KIN245 > Test 1- Part 2: Skeletal System > Flashcards

Test 1- Part 2: Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

How many bones are there?

A

206

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2
Q

How many bones are part of the axial skeleton?

A

80

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3
Q

How many bones are part of the appendicular skeleton?

A

126

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4
Q

What are the 5 main functions of the skeleton?

A
  1. Protects vital organs
  2. Support to maintain posture
  3. Movement
  4. Mineral storage (calcium & phosphorus)
  5. Hemopoiesis (performs blood cell formation in the red bone marrow)
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5
Q

What are the 5 types of bones?

A 
Long
Flat
Short
Irregular
Sesamoid
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6
Q

These bones are small, cubical shaped, solid. They provide shock absorption

A

Short bones

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7
Q

Give some examples of short bones:

A

Carpals

Tarsals

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8
Q

These bones are long cylindrical shafts with wide protruding ends

A

Long bones

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9
Q

Give some examples of long bones:

A 
Phalanges
Tibia
Fibula
Femur
Humerus
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10
Q

Give some examples of irregular bones:

A

Vertebra
Ischium
Pubis
Maxilla

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11
Q

These bones usually have curved surfaces; they provide protection

A

Flat bones

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12
Q

Give some examples of flat bones:

A 
Ilium
Clavicle
Scapula
Ribs
Sternum
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13
Q

Small bones that are imbedded w/in the tendon portion of the musculotendinous unit; they reduce pressure and provide a mechanical advantage

A

Sesamoid Bones

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14
Q

Give some examples of sesamoid bones:

A

Patella

Toe/thumb

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15
Q

What is the long cylindirical shaft part of the bone called?

A

Diaphysis

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16
Q

What is the hard, dense compact bone forming walls of diaphysis called?

A

Cortex (compact)

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17
Q

What is the dense, fibrous membrane covering outer surface of diaphysis called?

A

Periosteum

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18
Q

What is between the walls of diaphysis, containing yellow or fatty marrow?

A

Medullary (marrow) cavity

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19
Q

The ends of long bones formed from cancellous (spongy) bone

A

Epiphysis

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20
Q

The cartilage plate that separates diaphysis & epiphyses

A

Epiphyseal (growth) plate

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21
Q

Covers the epiphysis to provide cushioning effect & reduce friction

A

Articular (hyaline) cartilage

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22
Q

Develops from hyaline cartilage; grow rapidly into bone shaped structures, later develop into long bones

A

Endochondral bones

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23
Q

Cells that form new bone

A

Osteoblasts

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24
Q

Cells that resorb old bone

A

Osteoclasts

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25
Q

What are bones composed of?

A

Calcium caronate, calcium phosphate, collagen & water

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26
Q

Bone will adapt to the loads it is placed under

A

Wolff’s law (football player example)

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27
Q

Property of bone that is low porosity, stiffer, withstands great stress, and is less strain

A

Cortical bone

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28
Q

Property of bone that is spongy, high porosity (30-90%) and can undergo greater strain before fracturing

A

Cancellous

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29
Q

What are the 3 types of Bone Markings?

A
  1. Processes that form joints
  2. Processes that serve as attachment sites for muscles, tendons, and ligaments
  3. Cavitites
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30
Q

Includes elevations & projections; form joints

A

Processes

  • Condoyle
  • Facet
  • Head
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31
Q

Ridge of bone less prominent than a crest

A

Line

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32
Q

Prominent, narrow, ridge-like projection (iliac of pelvis)

A

Crest

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33
Q

Projection located on or above on or above a condoyle (medial or lateral condoyle of humerous)

A

Epicondyle

34
Q

Any prominent projection

35
Q

Sharp, slender projection

36
Q

Line of union between two bones

37
Q

Very large projection

A

Trochanter

38
Q

Means “a little swelling”; small rounded projection

39
Q

Means “swelling”; large rounded or roughened projection

A

Tuberosity

40
Q

Includes opening & grooves

41
Q

Connection of bones at a joint usually to allow movement between surfaces of bones

A

Articulation

42
Q

What are the 3 major classifications according to structure & movement characteristics?

A

Synarthrodial
Amphiarthrodial
Diathrodial

43
Q

Immovable joints

A

Synarthrodial

44
Q

Slightly movable joints

A

Amphiarthrodial

45
Q

Freely movable joints

A

Diathrodial

46
Q

Ex. of synarthrodial joints:

A

Skull sutures, teeth in mandible

47
Q

Why are syndesmosis joints only slightly movable?

A

Bones are united by strong ligaments and allow minimal movement between bones

48
Q

Joint is united by fibrocartilage allowing slight movement between the bones

49
Q

Joint is separated by hyaline cartilage and allow slight movement between bones

A

Synchrondrosis

50
Q

Name some motions and examples of Arthrodial (gliding) joints:

A

M: Flexion, extension, rotation, abduction, adduction
E: Intercarpals & intertarslas

51
Q

This diarthrodial joint only allows movement in one plane. Give examples

A

Ginglymus (hinge) joint

Elbow, knee, ankle

52
Q

What kind of motions does the trochoidal (pivot, screw) joint allow? examples?

A 
Rotation, supination, pronation
Antlatoaxial joint (ulna/radius)
53
Q

Condyloid Joint:

A

Flexion, extension, abduction & adduction

One bone with an oval concave surface received by another bone with an oval convex surface

54
Q

True ball & socket joints

A

Enarthrodial (hip & shoulder)

55
Q

Sellar (saddle) joint

A

only found in thumbs

56
Q

Used to measure amount of movement in a joint or measure a joint angles

A

Goniometer

57
Q

Area through which a joint may normally be freely and painlessly moved

A

Range of Motion

58
Q

Lateral movement away from midline of trunk in lateral plane

59
Q

Movement medially toward midline of trunk in lateral plane

60
Q

Bending movement that results in a decrease of angle in joint by bringing bones together

61
Q

Straightening movement that results in an increase of angle in joint by moving bones apart

62
Q

Circular movement of a limb that delineates an arc or describes a cone

A

Circumduction

63
Q

Rotary movement around longitudinal axis of a bone away from midline of body

A

External rotation

64
Q

Rotary movement around longitudinal axis of a bone toward midline of body

A

Internal rotation

65
Q

Turning sole of foot outward or laterally

66
Q

Turning sole of foot inward or medially

67
Q

Superior movement of shoulder girdle

68
Q

Inferior movement of shoulder girdle

A

Depression

69
Q

Forward movement of shoulder girdle away from spine

A

Protraction

70
Q

Backward movement of shoulder girdle toward spine

A

Retraction

71
Q

Movement of the humerus away from the body in the scapular plane.

72
Q

Movement of head and / or trunk laterally away from midline

A

Lateral flexion

73
Q

Return of spinal column to anatomic position from lateral flexion

74
Q

Abduction movement at wrist of thumb side of hand toward forearm

A

Radial flexion

75
Q

Adduction movement at wrist of little finger side of hand toward forearm

A

Ulnar flexion

76
Q

Diagonal movement of thumb across palmar surface of hand to make contact with the hand and/or fingers

A

Oppostion on thumb

77
Q

Diagonal movement of the thumb as it returns to the anatomical position from opposition with the hand and/or fingers

A

Reposition of thumb

78
Q

A series of points on one articular surface contacts with a series of points on another articular surface

A

Roll (rock)

79
Q

A specific point on one articulating surface comes in contact with a series of points on another surface

A

Glide (slide)

80
Q

A single point on one articular surface rotates about a single point on another articular surface

KIN245 (14 decks)

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