test 4 skull positioning Flashcards
PA SKULL: OML is ______ to IR.
Perpendicular
How can you tell this is a PA skull?
Petrous ridges fill orbits
PA SKULL: MSP is _______ to IR
Perpendicular
In a PA skull what is touching the IR
Forehead and nose
Where does the cr enter or exit on a PA skull?
Exits nasion
Do you angle on a PA skull?
No angle
What structures do you see on the PA skull?
⚫️petrous ridges fill orbits
⚫️cristi galli
⚫️frontal bone
⚫️frontal sinuses
How can you tell this is a PA axial skull?
Petrous ridges in lower third of orbits
In a PA axial skull: OML is ______ to IR
Perpendicular
In PA axial skull: MSP is _______ to IR
Perpendicular
In a PA axial skull what is touching the IR?
Forehead and nose
In a PA axial skull where the CR enter or exit?
Exits nasion
Do you angle the CR on a PA axial skull, how much and what direction?
15 degree caudal
What structures do you see on a PA axial skull?
⚫️petrous ridges in bottom 1/3 of orbits
⚫️cristi galli
⚫️frontal bone
⚫️frontal sinuses
AP AXIAL SKULL(Townes method) : OML IS _____ To IR.
Or
IOML is ______ to IR
Perpendicular
Perpendicular
AP AXIAL SKULL (TOWNES METHOD): MSP is ________ to IR.
Perpendicular
on an AP Axial Skull (Townes) what is touching the IR?
Back of head
On an AP Axial skull/Townes where do you put the top of the IR?
Skull vertex
On an AP Axial Skull/Townes where does the CR enter or exit?
Enters 2 1/2 inches above glabella aka the hairline of normal pt
On an AP axial skull/Townes if using OML then CR angle will be
30 degree caudal
On an AP Axial Skull/Townes if using an IOML then CR angle will be
37 caudal
In a AP axial skull/Townes what structures do you see?
⚫️symmetrical petrous ridges ⚫️posterior portion if foramen magnum ⚫️dorsum sellae and posterior clinoid process projected within the foramen magnum ⚫️occipital bone ⚫️posterior portion of parietal bones
For a trauma AP axial Townes what will the angle be? Direction?
40-60 caudal
On a SMV (Submentovertical) Schuller Method: IOML ______ with IR
Parallel
SMV (Submentovertical) Schuller Method: MSP _____ to IR
Perpendicular
On SMV (Submentovertical) Schuller Method what is touching the IR
Top of head
On SMV (Submentovertical) Schuller Method where does the CR enter or exit? Need both entrance and exit
Enters MSP of throat between angles of mandible
Exits through a point ¾ inch anterior to level of EAM
In SMV (Submentovertical) Schuller Method the CR should pass through what structure within the skull?
Sella turcia
On SMV (Submentovertical) Schuller Method the CR should pass ____ inch anterior the EAM
3/4
On SMV (Submentovertical) Schuller Method preferably do this with the patient upright or supine?
Upright
On SMV (Submentovertical) Schuller Method what structures do you see on this image?
- SMV of the cranial base demonstrates symmetrical petrous portions, the mastoid processes
- Ethmoid and sphenoid sinuses
- Mandible
- Nasal Septum
- Dens
- Occipital Bone
- Mandibular condyles anterior to petrous pyramids.
lateral skull: can you do this image upright or lying on the table?
Seated upright or semi prone
If you do a lateral skull on the table what position will the patients body be in?
Anterior oblique position
Lateral skull: MSP is ____ to the IR when doing a lateral skull.
Parallel
Lateral skull: the interpupillary line is ____ to the IR when doing a lateral skull.
Perpendicular
The IOML is ____ to the IR when doing a lateral skull.
Parallel
On a lateral skull the film is LW or CW for this image?
Crosswise
A right lateral demonstrates____ side and a left lateral demonstrates____ side.
- right
- left
What Is seen in profile on a lateral skull?
Sella turcia
What is superimposed on the lateral skull?
⚫️greater wings of sphenoid ⚫️orbital rods ⚫️mastoid regions and EAMs ⚫️mandibular condyles ⚫️TMJS
On the lateral skull what is touching the IR?
Side of head/ temporAl area
On a lateral skull where does the CR enter or exit?
Enters 2 inches above EAM
What structures do you see on the lateral skull?
⚫️sella turcia
⚫️anterior clinoid process
⚫️dorsum sellae
⚫️posterior clinoid process
To do a trauma lateral skull what extra piece of equipment will you need?
Film holder
AP/AP axial skull (not Townes) what is the CR?
Axial 15 degree cephalic entering nasion
Ap enters nasion
Why do we choose to do a PA or PA axial skull vs AP/Ap axial?
The AP is more magnified
What does the Haas method show the same as?
Townes method
What’s the CR of the haas method? Angle, entrance, and exit
25 cephalic entering 1 1/2 below EOP
Exiting 1 1/2 inches above nasion
In the Haas method the OML is ____ to the IR
Perpendicular
In the Haas method the MSP is ____ to the IR
Perpendicular
On the haas method what part touches the IR?
Forehead and nose
Know the structures shown in the Haas method? This is the same as Townes
⚫️occipital region with symmetrical petrous ridges
⚫️dorsum sellae
⚫️posterior clinoid processes within the foramen magnum
Why would a technologist choose to do the Haas projection over the the Towne method?
It’s used for hypersthenic, obese, or other patients who cannot be adjusted correctly for AP axial
