Mobile Radiography and Special Procedures Flashcards
- What is the typical power of a portable x-ray unit?
15-26 kilowatts
3 important technical factors that you must understand to accurately perform portable exams?
Grid, anode heel effect, SID
What 3 things must you know to properly use a grid?
Level, centered to IR, used at recommended focal distance and radius
What is anode heel effect?
Decrease in density under the anode side of tube
What causes anode heel effect to be more noticeable?
Short SID, larger field size, small anode angles
What SID should you use for Mobile exams?
40 inches
What should be available on every machine to help you with technical factors of the exam?
technique charts
How far should you stand from the Mobile Unit when taking an x-ray?
at least 6ft
At what angle from the mobile unit will you receive the least amount of radiation?
90 degree angle
The single most effective radiation protection measure?
distance
If someone has to stay in the room you should give them what?
lead apron
What is the minimum source-to-skin distance?
12 inches
What are the 2 types of isolation patients?
contagious infectious microorganisms, and those who must be protected from exposure (reverse isolation)
How many radiographers might be needed to perform an exam on someone in reverse isolation? Why? What is each tech referred to as? (I spoke of this in class, but I believe Chapter 1 has info. under standard precautions).
2– Clean tech and dirty tech
What are some things a rad tech might where into an isolation room?
gloves, mask, apron
Steps prior to leaving department?
gather all necessary devices, check battery
Where do you position the machine if doing a supine exam? A seated upright exam?
supine-middle of bed
upright-base of bed
Who should you obtain permission from to move a patient post-surgery or who has a fracture?
nursing staff or physician
If the patient has an interfering device should you remove it if you are unsure?
No, get assistance
Should you cover the IR? Should you clean the IR/when?
Yes, yes after every use
What is an arthrogram?
Radiography of the soft tissue of the joints
What is a Myelogram?
Examination of the CNS structures of the vertebral canal
What modality has greatly reduced the number of arthrograms/myelograms done?
MRI
3 types of arthrograms?
Pneumoarthrography
Opaque arthrography
Double contrast arthrography
What type of contrast medium is used for each type of arthrogram?
Pneumoarthrography: A gaseous medium is used it will be injected into the capsular space of the joint
Opaque arthrography: A water-soluble iodinated medium is injected into the capsular space of the joint.
Double-Contrast: Combination of gaseous and water-soluble iodinated is used. Also injected into the capsular space of the joint.
What joints can an arthrogram be done on?
encapsulated: shoulder, knee, wrist, hip, TMJ
What joint is the most common joint that an arthrogram may done on?
Shoulder
Equipment used for Arthrogram?
fluro
At what vertebral interspaces is the myelogram injection done?
L2-L3 or L3-L4
What is the purpose of a myelogram?
Done to show: extrinsic spinal cord compression due to herniated disk, bone fragments, or tumors.
What advantages does a myelogram have over MRI?
great way to asses disk disease
Post-myelogram how much should the patient’s head be elevated? Why?
15 to keep contrast out of head
Why are Long Bone Measurements done?
To see differences in limb length in children and disorders
How many exposures are taken of each limb when doing Long Bone Measurements? Where are they taken?
3
ankle, knee, hip
What tool must you have to do Long Bone Measurements?
Special ruler
Bone Age Studies are performed on who? Why?
Children to see how fast or slow they’re growing
What is evaluated in a Bone Age Study?
Skeletal maturation– degree of fusion between the epiphyses and shafts of the bones of the hand and wrist
On children ages 1-2 what other image might be taken and why?
Left knee because of little change in the hands and wrist
Bone Surveys can be done for 2 reasons what are they?
Evaluate metastatic disease or child abuse
What 2 views are taken of each bone? (Bone Surveys)
AP and Lateral
Know CR for AP and Lateral soft tissue neck.
AP-Perpendicular just below laryngeal prominence at approx. T1 and T2(APPROX 1 inche above jugular notch)
Lateral-Perpendicular to c6 and c7 (midway b/w the laryngeal prominence.
Know what pharynx, larynx and trachea are and do.
Pharynx-throat
Tracea-wind pipe
Larynx-voice box
Larynx is also the organ of_______.
voice
The pharynx extends from the _________ to _______.
Extends from inferior body of sphenoid and basilar portion of occipital to C6-C7
The 3 portions of the pharynx are:
Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngeal pharynx
The larynx is an air passageway between which structures?
pharynx and trachea
What bone holds the larynx in place?
hyoid
What is the purpose of the epiglottis?
to prevent food from passing into the larynx during swallowing
What is the SID for the AP Soft tissue neck? Lateral?
AP-40
Lateral-72
What type of respiration will you use for the soft tissue neck projections?
end of inspiration, have breathe through nose
Review evaluation criteria for the AP/Lateral Soft tissue neck.
AP: Base of skull and mandible SI.
Want to see larynx/trachea from C3-T4.
No overlap of the mandible and laryngeal area.
No rotation of neck.
Air filled throat.
Radiographic density allowing visualization of the pharyngolaryngeal structures
LATERAL: Soft tissue of the pharyngolaryngeal structures.
Area from the nasopharynx to the uppermost part of the lungs.
No SI of the trachea by the shoulders.
Closely SI mandibular shadows
Throat filled with air.
Explain how your technique might need to be adjusted for the soft tissue neck images vs. the c-spine images.
Less than C-spine since we want to see the soft tissue
A gaseous medium is used it will be injected into the capsular space of the joint
Pneumoarthrography:
A water-soluble iodinated medium is injected into the capsular space of the joint.
Opaque arthrography
Combination of gaseous and water-soluble iodinated is used. Also injected into the capsular space of the joint.
Double-Contrast
