Physics Chapter 1 Test Flashcards
What are the two systems of measure commonly used in radiologic sciences?
◾️British System
◾️the System international (SI) metric system
What are the radiologic quantities derived from the fundamental quantities of mass, length, and time?
◾️dose
◾️dose equivalent
◾️exposure
◾️radioactivity
What is the quantity of matter contained in an object, that does not change with gravitational force, and does not change if the substance changes forms?
Mass
What is anything that occupies space, has shape or form, and mass?
Matter
What is a gravitational force exerted on a body? Aka as weight
Pound
What is the SI unit for length?
Meter
What is the property of an object with mass that resists a change in its state of motion?
Inertia
State Newtons Law of motion.
An object at rest will stay at rest, unless acted on by an external force. An object object in motion will remain in motion at the same velocity and in the same direction unless acted on by an external force.
What is the ability to do work?
Energy
Define potential energy.
Energy in a stored state.
Define kinetic energy.
Energy being expended.
What are the standard units that quantify radiation doses?
◾️Roentgen(R)
◾️rad
◾️rem
◾️Curie (Ci)
What unit is the SI equivalent to Coulomb? It is used to quantify radiation intensity.
Roentgen
What quantifies the biological effects of radiation on humans and animals? Unit of absorbed dose.
Rad
What quantifies the occupational exposure or dose equivalent? Specifically addresses the different biological effects of different types of ionizing radiation to which a radiation may be exposed.
Rem
What quantifies radioactivity? An expression of a quantity of radioactive material not the effect of the radiation emitted from it.
Curie
Aka as disintegration. The process where a radioactive atom gives off particles and energy in an effort to regain a stable state.
Disintegration
What does permanently installed equipment consist of?
Units that are fixed in place in a particular room specifically designed for the purpose and not intended to be mobile.
What is an X-ray tube? What does it do?
Special diode tube that converts electrical energy into X-rays and produces heat as a by product
What are positive and negative electrodes are?
◾️positive electrode-anode
◾️negative electrode-cathode
Which part of the tube is commonly situated over the head?
Anode
Which part of the tube is over the feet?
Cathode is over the foot of the table
What is the tube housing?
It is made of metal and has a special mounting bracket for the tube and high voltage receptacles to deliver electricity to the X-ray tube.
What’s the purpose of the oil surrounding the tube housing?
The oil helps dissipate the heat produced. There are also cooling fans installed to help as well?
What is a collimator? What does it do?
A box shaped device attached to the bottom of the housing, serves to restrict the X-ray beam to the area of the body of interest and to help localize the beam to that area.
What’s the function of the mirror in the collimator?
It reflects the light source through the plastic and casts a shadow of the crosshairs into the patient.
What’s the function of the shutters within the collimator?
It adjusts the size of the light field which represents the radiation field that will be produced.
What’s the function of the tube stand?
The portion of the tube head assembly that gives mobility to the cray tube. Aka as the tube mount
