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Microbiology > test 4 lec 25 > Flashcards

test 4 lec 25 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

methanotrophy is a form of

A

methylotrophy

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2
Q

what is the simplest form of methanogenesis

A

hydrogen reduction of CO2

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3
Q

other than H2 are there strong inorganic substrates electron donors

A

no they are poor electron donors

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4
Q

what are some characteristics of acidithiobacillus

A

oxidizes sulfides of iron and copper
lithotrophs
dissolves metal from rock

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5
Q

what are nitrifiers

A

bacteria that generate nitrites and nitrates

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6
Q

what bacteria is used for iron oxidation

A

acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans

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7
Q

what bacteria is used for commercial minning

A

acidithiobacillus ferroxidans

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8
Q

how are metal ions oxidized outside of the cell

A

the electrons are collected from iron outside by an outer membrane cytochrome C associated with a periplasmic protein called rusticyanin
excludes toxic metal from cell

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9
Q

reduced metal ions provide energy through

A

oxidation by O2 or NO3-

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10
Q

nearly all lithotrophs are what type of organism

A

bacteria and archaea

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11
Q

each type of electron donor requires what

A

a specialized electron accepting oxidoreductase

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12
Q

mathanogenesis is unique to

A

archaea

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13
Q

what are obligate lithotrophs

A

oxidize only inorganic molecules

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14
Q

what is dehalorespiration

A

form of hydrogenotrophy

some anaerobes can use halogenated hydrocarbons as TEA for energy conservation

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15
Q

what lithotrophy

A

the acquisition of energy by oxidation of inorganic electron donors

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16
Q

what bacteria oxidizes ferrous sulfide with ferric iron and water

A

archaeon ferroplasma

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17
Q

what do cofactors do in methanogenesis biochemical pathways

A

transfer hydrogens and increasingly reduced carbon to each enzyme in the pathway

18
Q

ponds with shifting anaerobic and aerobic environment what does it host

A

metal oxidizing lithotrophs and metal reducing anaerobic heterotrophs

19
Q

what is the function of the enzyme in the anammoxosomal membrane

A

reduces nitrite to nitric oxide and H2O

20
Q

what archaea oxidizes hydrogen sulfide to sulfuric acid and grow at a pH 2

A

sulfolbus spp

21
Q

hydrogentrophy is also important for

A

methanogenesis

22
Q

ammonia/ammonium and nitrite are kind of electron donors

A

poor

23
Q

what is anammox reaction

A

anaerobic ammonium oxidation using NO2- as a TEA

supports growth of bacteria with high ammonium and low oxygen

24
Q

reduced metal ions generate what

A

metal ions with higher oxidation states which other bacteria use for anaerobic respiration

25
Q

removal of electrons from Fe2+ requires what

A

input of energy, which compensated by the larger yield of energy from reducing O2 to H2O

26
Q

what are ladderanes

A

ladder shaped lipids in the anammoxosome membrane

27
Q

what is the end product of sulfur oxidation

A

sulfuric acid which dissociates to produce an extremely high H+ concentration

28
Q

what conducts annamox

A

plantomycetes

irregularly shaped bacteria

29
Q

function of hydrazine

A

further oxidize to N2 then protons are released which drives ATP synthase

30
Q

what is methylotrophy

A

oxidation of a single carbon molecules via an ETS

31
Q

what is an anammoxosome

A

central compartment of planctomycetes

32
Q

what is nitrogen oxidation

A

go from ammonium to nitric acid (nitrate)

33
Q

what happens when sulfur oxidation occurs in presence of iron

A

environmental acidification

eroding structures

34
Q

how can ammonium yield energy

A

through oxidation by nitirite produced from nitrate respiration

35
Q

what is hydrogentrophy

A

use of molecular hydrogen as an electron donor

36
Q

what are methanotrophs

A

prokaryotes that oxidize methane with a TEA such as O2, nitrate or sulfate

37
Q

what is leaching

A

process of metal dissolution from ores

38
Q

what are major sources of lithotrophic electron donors

A

minerals containing reduced sulfur

39
Q

why is H2 difficult to characterize

A

inorganic, oxidation by O2 is considered lithotrophy byt many species that oxidize H2 with molecular oxygen are organotrophs
reduce organic electron acceptor considered fermentation or anaerobic respiration

40
Q

what does hydrazine synthase do

A

catalyzes NO reduction by NH4+ to form hydrazine

Microbiology (16 decks)

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