test 4 lec 21 Flashcards
can fermentation generate ATP
no
swiss cheese production involves what two fermentation stages
lactobacillus ferments lactose into lactic acid
propionbacterium converts lactate to propionate, acetate, and CO2
carbohydrates break down into
disaccharides then mono
lipids are hydrolyzed to
glycerol and fatty acids
peptides are hydrolyzed to
amino acids
microbes catalyze what kind of substrates
carbohydrates
lipids
peptides
aromatic compounds
what are some fermentation pathways
homolactic
ethanolic
heterolactic
mixed-acid
what is photoheterotrophy
bacteria gain energy from light while using organic carbon substrates for catabolism and/or biosynthesis
sugar and sugar derivatives are catabolized to
pyruvate
does respiration yield more energy than fermentation
yes
does redox rxns occur in stage 2 of emp
yes
produce 2 NADH
what is respiration
complete breakdown of organic molecules with electron transfer to a terminal electron aceptor such as O2
aromatic compounds are catabolized to
acetate
what are the three stages of pentose phosphate pathway
oxidation-dexarboxylation
isomerization reactions
sugar rearrangement reactions
first stage of EMP
glucose activation stage
where does EMP happen
cytoplasm of cell
what is the net of ED pathway
1 ATP, 1 NADH, 1 NADPH
electrons transferred as same in EMP
how fermentation produce neg delta G
large molecule breaking down into smaller products
what is the second stage of EMP
energy yielding stage
what three main routes do bacteria and archaea use to catabolize glucose
glycolysis
entner duodoroff pathway
pentose phosphate pathway
what is heterolactic fermentation
produces one molecules of lactic acid and one ethanol and one CO2
what does the cell do if it needs to reverse glycolysis to make glucose
most of the intermediate reactions are reversible
what is mixed acid fermentation
produces acetate, formate, lactate, and succinate as well as ethanol, H2, and CO2
how do microbes compensate for low efficiency of fermentation
consuming large quantities of substrate and excreting large quantities of products
what are some examples of catabolic pathways
fermentation
respiration
photoheterotrophy
what is fermentation
partial breakdown of organic food without net electron transfer to an inorganic terminal electron acceptor
what is the most common form of glycolysis
embden meyerhof parnas pathway
how does glycolysis regulation occur
make reactions go forward when cell needs energy
what happens in stage 2 of EMP
form NADH from energy
2 electrons leave
susbstrate level phosphorylation in stage 2 produces what
4 ATP
will EMP occur with or without oxygen
yes
what is substrate level phosphorylation
transfer of a phosphoryl group from an organic substrate to make ATP
where are carboxylic acid products degraded in
TCA cycle
what is amphibolic
pathways that participate in both catabolism and anabolism
what are the products of glycolysis
2 molecules of pyruvate, 2 ATP, 2 NADH
are there reduction-oxidation reactions in stage one of EMP
no
and no NADH
what is different from EDP and EMP
fewer substrates less steps produce less ATP found in prokaryotes evolved earlier than EMP
