test 3 lecture 13 Flashcards
what are the start codons
AUG, GUG
UUG CUG
what are the stop codons
UAA
UAG
UGA
how many codons all together
64
what does redundant mean when it comes to codons
multiple codons code for same amino acid
what are tRNA molecules
decoder molecules that convert the language of RNA into that of proteins
adapter molecules are also known as
decoder molecules
what is the language of RNA
codons
what is the language of proteins
amino acids
what is the shape of 2d tRNA
clover leaf
what is the shape of 3d tRNA
boomerang
how many bases are in a tRNA
80
anticodon loop binds with mRNA codon with what type of bond
hydrogen bond
how is anticodon and codon pair aligned
antiparallel
3’ acceptor end binds with what
amino acid
what bases are in the TpsiC loop
thymidine, pseudouridine, and cytidine
what bases are in the DHU loop
always contain dihydrouridine
what is “charging”
the attachment of an amino acid to 3’ acceptor end of tRNA
what enzyme helps carry out of charging of tRNA with amino acid
aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases
how many aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are in a cell
20
what is another name for aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases
match and attach proteins
what kind of bond is formed when attaching amino acid to tRNA
ester
what do synthetases do
check the fit in binding pockets and facilitate de-acylation of any mis-acylated tRNAs
what are the subunits in prokaryote ribosomes
30s and 50s
when 30s and 50s are combined they form
70s
what is in a ribosome
rRNA and proteins
what are the three sites in the 70s ribosome
a site
p site
e site
what does the a (acceptor) site do
binds incoming aminoacyl-tRNA
what does the p (peptidyl-tRNA) site do
harbors the tRNA with the growing polypeptide chain
what does the E (exit) site do
binds a tRNA recently stripped of its polypeptide
what enzyme does the ribosome use to stitch aa together
peptidyltransferase
what are the three stages of protein synthesis
initiation
elongation
termination
