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Microbiology > test 3 lecture 13 > Flashcards

test 3 lecture 13 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what are the start codons

A

AUG, GUG

UUG CUG

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2
Q

what are the stop codons

A

UAA
UAG
UGA

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3
Q

how many codons all together

A

64

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4
Q

what does redundant mean when it comes to codons

A

multiple codons code for same amino acid

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5
Q

what are tRNA molecules

A

decoder molecules that convert the language of RNA into that of proteins

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6
Q

adapter molecules are also known as

A

decoder molecules

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7
Q

what is the language of RNA

A

codons

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8
Q

what is the language of proteins

A

amino acids

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9
Q

what is the shape of 2d tRNA

A

clover leaf

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10
Q

what is the shape of 3d tRNA

A

boomerang

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11
Q

how many bases are in a tRNA

A

80

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12
Q

anticodon loop binds with mRNA codon with what type of bond

A

hydrogen bond

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13
Q

how is anticodon and codon pair aligned

A

antiparallel

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14
Q

3’ acceptor end binds with what

A

amino acid

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15
Q

what bases are in the TpsiC loop

A

thymidine, pseudouridine, and cytidine

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16
Q

what bases are in the DHU loop

A

always contain dihydrouridine

17
Q

what is “charging”

A

the attachment of an amino acid to 3’ acceptor end of tRNA

18
Q

what enzyme helps carry out of charging of tRNA with amino acid

A

aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases

19
Q

how many aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are in a cell

A

20

20
Q

what is another name for aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases

A

match and attach proteins

21
Q

what kind of bond is formed when attaching amino acid to tRNA

A

ester

22
Q

what do synthetases do

A

check the fit in binding pockets and facilitate de-acylation of any mis-acylated tRNAs

23
Q

what are the subunits in prokaryote ribosomes

A

30s and 50s

24
Q

when 30s and 50s are combined they form

A

70s

25
Q

what is in a ribosome

A

rRNA and proteins

26
Q

what are the three sites in the 70s ribosome

A

a site
p site
e site

27
Q

what does the a (acceptor) site do

A

binds incoming aminoacyl-tRNA

28
Q

what does the p (peptidyl-tRNA) site do

A

harbors the tRNA with the growing polypeptide chain

29
Q

what does the E (exit) site do

A

binds a tRNA recently stripped of its polypeptide

30
Q

what enzyme does the ribosome use to stitch aa together

A

peptidyltransferase

31
Q

what are the three stages of protein synthesis

A

initiation
elongation
termination

Microbiology (16 decks)

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