Test 4 - Contraceptives (Josh) Flashcards
Which two hormones are released to stimulated ovulation?
What are they released by?
FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone)
LH (Leutenizing Hormone
Released by the hypothalamus
—- & —- trick the hypothalamus so that FSH & LH are not released
Progestin
Estrogens
Blocking FSH & LH does what?
1) Stop Ovulation
2) Thicken cervical mucous
3) Thin uterine lining
Classes of Contraceptives:
- Estrogen-Progestin Oral Contraceptives
- Progestin Oral Contraceptives
- Non-oral Contraceptives
Combo oral contraceptives are all a combination of what?
Estrogen & Progestin
What are other indications for Estrogen-Progestin Oral Contraceptives?
- Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD)
- Acne
What is PMDD?
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder
- it is PMS w/ depression
Why do you have inactive tablets on the fourth week?
Menstruation happens on that week
A/E of Estrogen-Progestin Oral Contraceptives:
- Nausea
- Breast Tenderness
- Spotting
- Weight gain (edema)
What is the worst case scenario adverse effect of E-P Oral Contraceptives?
Thromboembolism
- primarily caused by estrogen
- not as common today b/c the doses are lower
E-P Oral Contraceptives are contraindicated for whom?
- smokers > 35 years old
- history of thromboembolism
Drospirenone (4th-generation progestin) causes what adverse effect?
Hyperkalemia
- avoid ACE inhibitor, ARB, Spironolactione, K+ supplements
Progestin Oral Contraceptives do not do what?
DON’T stop ovulation
They do thicken cervical mucous and thin uterine lining
50% of people will STILL ovulate
Progestin Oral Contraceptives have which other uses?
- dysfunctional uterine bleeding
- amenorrhea
- infertility
Which class of Oral Contraceptives do NOT have an off week?
Progestin Oral Contraceptives
What are some other diff. b/t E-P Oral Contraceptives and Progestin Oral Contraceptives?
Progestin Oral Contraceptives:
- have more breakthrough bleeding
- no Thromboembolism risk
- have less room for error (can’t miss a dose)
Typical Contraceptive Use Results:
E-P Contraceptives: 95% effective
Progestin Only: 95% effective
Condom: 86% effective
Which class of oral contraceptives blocks ovulation?
Combo (E-P) Contraceptives
- remember, Progestin Only Contraceptives thicken mucous and thin lining but DON’T block ovulation
Why should women using IUDs only be in monogamous relationships?
They should have a LOW risk of STD b/c there is a severe risk of PID (Pelvic Inflammatory Disease) secondary to STD
Why should clients take extra precautions if taking a spermicide that has nonoxynol-9?
nonoxynol-9 may INCREASE risk of HIV by promoting lesions that facilitate HIV penetration of cells
If a ring is expelled before it should be removed, what can you do?
It can be washed off in war water (not hot) and reinserted
If it’s been longer than 3 hours, use backup contraceptive for ~7 days
When should a client begin taking her pill?
- on first day of menstrual cycle (immediate protection)
OR
- the first Sunday after onset of menses (protection may not be immediate and use a backup method for a while)
Who should NOT take combo birth control?
- smoker > 35
- history of thromboembolism
What should a client on oral contraceptives do if they take a CYP inducer medication?
Use an alternative form of contraception while on the medication
