Test 3 - Flouroquinolones (Josh) Flashcards
MOA: Fluoroquinolones (-floxacin)
messing up the DNA by destroying the enzymes needed for DNA replication & cell division
What enzymes do Fluoroquinolones target?
DNA Gyrate
Topoisomerase IV
These are needed for DNA replication & cell division
Humans have these, but they are a little different and are NOT targeted by fluoroquinolones
Common uses for Fluoroquinolones
- Traveler’s Diarrhea (Ciprofloxacin)
- Complicated UTIs (Ciprofloxacin)
- Respiratory Infections like pneumonia & bacterial sinusitis (Levofloxacin & Moxifloxacin)
- Anthrax (Ciprofloxacin)
Common adverse effects of Fluoroquinolones (-floxacin)
- GI upset (N/V, diarrhea like all antibiotics)
- Photsensitivity
- Altered Mental Status (confusion, hallucinations in older adults)
Rare adverse effects of Fluroquinolones (-floxacin)
- QT elongation
- Seizures
- Peripheral Neuropathy
- Superinfection (C. diff)
- Tendon Rupture (esp. Achilles)
Which clients who are at higher risk for tendon rupture w/ Fluoroquinolones (-floxacin)?
- > 60 yrs old
- clients on corticosteroids
- clients w/ organ transplant (b/c they’re taking corticosteroids)
Which clients should AVOID Flouroquinolones (-floxacin)?
- Pregnant women
- Children
Exceptions for kids is if the have a complicated UTI or they are exposed to Anthrax… give them Ciprofloxacin
Avoid which type of foods when taking -floxacin?
- Calcium (milk products)
- Iron (supplements)
- Magnesium (laxatives, MOM)
- Aluminum (antacids)
- Zinc
When should we hold the -floxacin and call the doc?
- Allergy to sunlight (due to photosensitivity issue)
- unexplained join pain (tendon rupture)
- numbness/tingling in periphery (peripheral neuropathy)
- if you’re not getting better (wrong drug wrong bug)
Overview of Antibiotics:
1) —- break down cross-links in bacterial cell wall
2) —- bind to ribosomes preventing them from making protein
3) —- block the formation of folic acid and used mainly for UTIs
4) — is a Trojan Horse that is nice on outside but destroys once absorbed into bacteria
5) —- mess up bacterial DNA
1) Beta-Lactams (-cillin, ceph- or cef-)
2) Protein Synthesis Inhibitors (tetracycline, Macrolide, Clindamycin, Linezolid, Aminoglycosides)
3) TMP/SMZ
4) Nitrofurantoin
5) Flouroquinolons (-floxacin)
If taking supplements and then prescribed -floxacin, what is best method of taking?
Take drug first, then wait couple of hours to take supplement