Test 3 - Basic Principles of Antimicrobials (Josh)

Question 1

Bactericidal

Answer 1

directly lethal to bacteria at clinically achievable concentrations

Question 2

Bacteriostatic

Answer 2

Slows bacterial growth, but does not cause death

Question 3

Broad Spectrum Antimicrobial

Answer 3

Active against a wide variety of microbes (‘throwing a grenade’)

Question 4

Narrow Spectrum Antimicrobial

Answer 4

Active against only a few species of microbes (‘sniper rifle’)

Question 5

Empiric Therapy

Answer 5

Educated guess based off evidence (what we base initial therapy off of)

Question 6

What color is gram positive bacteria?

Answer 6

Dark purple

Question 7

What color is gram negative bacteria?

Answer 7

Pink

Question 8

Use of antibiotics promotes the emergence of —– microbes.

Answer 8

Drug-resistent

Question 9

What is a superinfection?

Answer 9

A NEW infection that appears during the course of treatment for a primary infection

Due to the antibiotic eliminating the inhibitory influence of normal flora

Question 10

Why would a nurse temporarily postpone administering an antibiotic?

Answer 10

If they have not taken the BLOOD CULTURE yet

Do this always before you treat, or the blood work will not give back accurate results

Question 11

What instances would warrant prophylactic use of antibiotics?

Answer 11

NERS (antbiotic NERSing care)

• Neutrogena
• Endocarditis
• Recurrent UTIs
• Surgery

Question 12

Which antibiotic is especially good to use prophylactically for surgery?

Answer 12

cephalosporin

Question 13

What is Bacterial Endocarditis?

Answer 13

Bacterial inflammation of heart valves

The valves can act like sponges for bacterial growth, especially w/ valvular disease of prosthetic valves

Question 14

What is Neutropenia?

Answer 14

Abnormally low concentration of neutrophils

Can take an antibiotic every day prophylactically to assist the weakened immune system in fighting off infection

Question 15

What are some examples of antibiotic misuse?

Answer 15

• Viral infections (don’t respond to Antibiotics, they’re VIRUSES)
• Fever of unknown origin (fever is a sign of more things than just infection)
• Improper dosage
• Treatment w/out adequate bacteriologic information
• Omission of surgical drainage (should always be performed to promote antibacterial effects)

Question 16

When would you use a broad-spectrum antibiotic?

Answer 16

When the bacteria is of unknown origin

Question 17

What is the fear w/ broad-spectrum antibiotics?

Answer 17

They can kill the normal flora of the human body

Question 18

What is the General Approach to Antibiotic Therapy?

Answer 18

1) Suspect an infection
2) Culture the Site
3) Begin Empiric Therapy (based on best guess)
4) Gram Stain
5) Identify the bacteria
6) Change to Definitive Therapy (based on positive ID of bacterial agent)

Question 19

What should we always do before beginning antibiotic therapy?

Answer 19

CULTURE the site

Question 20

What percentage of antibiotic use is prophylactic?

Answer 20

30-50%

Question 21

Why would someone with heart disease take an antibiotic before dental surgery?

Answer 21

Because bacteria from the mouth can enter the bloodstream

Remember, surgery is one of the most common times an antibiotic would be used prophylactically

Question 22

What is our term for ‘Narrow-Spectrum’ therapy?

Answer 22

Match the drug w/ the bug