Hemodynamics Review - RM

Question 1

Trace the path of the blood starting from the right atrium.

Answer 1

Right atrium
Right ventricle
Lungs (pulmonary circuit)
Left atrium
Left ventricle
Body (systemic circuit)
Right atrium

Question 2

What percentage of blood remains in the venous circuit?

Answer 2

64%

Known as the “reservoir”

Question 3

Which side of the heart works the hardest?

Answer 3

Left ventricle, it is the “workhorse of the heart”

Question 4

Right sided heart failure leads to _______.

Answer 4

edema

Question 5

Left sided heart failure leads to ________.

Answer 5

pulmonary hypertension

crackles

Question 6

What 3 mechanisms return blood to the heart?

Answer 6

1) negative atrial pressure (inspiration)
2) constriction of veins
3) muscle contraction & venous valves

Question 7

What happens to systolic BP the farther it gets from the heart?

Answer 7

It goes down

Question 8

What is the normal systolic BP in the aorta?

Answer 8

120 mmHg

Question 9

What is the normal systolic BP in the right atrium?

Answer 9

0 to -5 mmHg

Question 10

How do the valves in the veins advance blood?

Answer 10

The muscles “milk” the veins and the valves keep the blood from flowing backward.

Question 11

Define “stroke volume”.

Answer 11

the amount of blood the LV is able to eject in 1 contraction

Question 12

Define “preload”.

Answer 12

the amount of pressure in the ventrical just before contraction

Question 13

Define “afterload”.

Answer 13

the amount of pressure outside of the heart that the heart must overcome

Question 14

Define “Starling’s Law”.

Answer 14

The more you stretch the ventrical, the harder it will contract - up to a certain point

Question 15

How much blood does the average adult have?

Answer 15

5 Liters

Question 16

T/F: In one minute the heart pumps all the blood in the body.

Answer 16

True

Question 17

What is the formula to find cardiac output?

Answer 17

CO = HR x SV

Question 18

Average SV is ______.

Answer 18

70 mL

Question 19

Average HR is ______.

Answer 19

70 bpm

Question 20

Average CO is ______.

Answer 20

4.9 L

Question 21

What lab tests are useful to determine if symptoms are HF or lung disease?

Answer 21

BNP & ANP

Question 22

When is BNP released?

Answer 22

Released by ventricles when they are overstretched.

Question 23

When is ANP released?

Answer 23

Released by atria when they are overstretched.

Question 24

BNP & ANP: Which value stays elevated and which only elevates in acute situations?

Answer 24

Long-term elevation: BNP
Acute elevation: ANP
(Remember the A’s, Acute = ANP)

Question 25

Normal BNP value is less than _____.

Answer 25

100

Question 26

Normal ANP value is _____.

Answer 26

20-77

Question 27

If the pt is having trouble breathing and the BNP is normal, would you suspect a cardiac or pulmonary issue?

Answer 27

Pulmonary issue; if it was a cardiac issue the BNP would still be elevated.

Question 28

BNP or ANP, which is the more important value?

Answer 28

BNP; because it stays elevated while ANP will return to normal quickly.

Question 29

At what point in Starling’s Law are BNP & ANP expressed?

Answer 29

when the stroke volume has maxed out then starts to decline