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MicroBio > Test 4 Chapter 16 > Flashcards

Test 4 Chapter 16 Flashcards

1
Q

Morbidity

A

Sickness

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2
Q

Mortality

A

Death

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3
Q

Prevelance

A

of cases in a population in an area

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4
Q

Incidence

A

of new cases diagnosed in a timeframe in an area

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5
Q

Sporadic diseases

A

Happen irregularly with no connected cause

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6
Q

Endemic disease

A

Sickness in a region

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7
Q

Epidemic Disease

A

Significant increase in cases in a geographic region

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8
Q

Pandemic disease

A

Significant increase in cases worldwide

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9
Q

Etiology

A

Cause of an infectious disease.

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10
Q

CDC

A

Center for disease control and prevention. Tracks reportable diseases. Morbidity and Mortality weekly report.

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11
Q

John Snow

A

Father of Epidemiology. Demonstrated the source of the 1854 broad street cholera epidemic in London

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12
Q

John Snow and the cholera epidemic

A

Identified water source of those who were ill. Mapped the incidence of cholera. Recommended changing the pump handle which resolved the issue.

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13
Q

Common Source Spread

A

Exposure originates from a single source

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14
Q

Point Source Spread

A

Brief exposure to a common source.

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15
Q

Continuous Common Source Spread

A

Prolonged exposure to a common source. Cholera epidemic in London.

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15
Q

Intermittent Common Source Spread

A

Exposure happens at irregular intervals

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15
Q

Propagated Spread

A

Spread from person to person

16
Q

Florence Nightingale

A

Nurse during Crimean War. In 1854 kept meticulous records of cause of illness and death during the Crimean War.

17
Q

Florence Nightingale - Results

A

Showed that most common cause of disease/death were due to preventable disease. Not battle wounds. Led to reforms in hygiene and care of British military.

18
Q

Joseph Lister

A

Introduced disinfection Protocols. reduced post-surgical infection rates. Demanded surgeons that worked for him used a 5% carbolic acid spray

19
Q

Descriptive Epidemiology

A

Collect data on the occurrence of disease by time, place, person. Identify risk factors

20
Q

Analytical Epidemiology

A

Focuses on identifying causes and risk factors. Uses the data from Descriptive epidemiology

21
Q

Retrospective Studies

A

Look back in time. Subjects already have disease.

22
Q

Prospective Studies

A

Before the outcome occurs. Collect data on ongoing diseases

23
Q

Cohort Method Studies

A

Follow a group of individuals over time to see if the outcome occurs

24
Q

Case-Control Studies

A

Compare people with a disease to those without the disease

25
Q

Cross-Section Studies

A

Collecting data from a time-point

26
Q

Experimental Epidemiology

A

Manipulate a variable. Test a hypothesis concerning the cause of a disease.

27
Q

Ignaz Semmelweis

A

Childbed fever - Observation. Observed more women died from childbed fever in the hospital rather than out. More women died in Division 1 rather than 2. Tested variables to determine why. Made people wash hands.

28
Q

Reservoir

A

Living or Nonliving sources of disease.

29
Q

Passive Carrier

A

Temporary carries of disease

30
Q

Active Carrier

A

Have the pathogen at all times.

31
Q

Direct Contact Trasnmission

A

Person to Person

32
Q

Droplet Transmission

A

Sneezing Coughing etc.

33
Q

Indirect Contact Transmission

A

Fomites become contaminated. Nonliving thing becomes contaminated. Person ->thing -> person

34
Q

Vehicle Transmission

A

Transmission of pathogens through water, food, or air

35
Q

Vector Transmission

A

Living thing in between people.

36
Q

Mechanical Vector

A

Carrier of the Pathogen. House Fly lands in something contaminated, carries the disease on feet, feet make contact with your food.

37
Q

Biological Vector

A

Vector has the pathogen in them. Cats -> toxoplasma gondii

38
Q

Nosocomial infection

A

Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs). Acquired in a health care facility.

39
Q
A

MicroBio (17 decks)

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