Test 2 Chapter 8 Kahoot Flashcards
Where does oxidative phosphorylation occur in prokaryotes?
Cytoplasmic Membrane
Cellular respiration results in the oxidation of _____ to _____ to ______
Glucose to Carbon Dioxide to water
Cyanide binds to cytochrome c oxidase. What effect would this have on the cell?
Electrons cannot flow through the ETC (electron transport chain) and ATP synthesis stops
During which of the following is the highest ATP yield generated?
Oxidative phosphorylation and chemiosmosis
How is a proton motive force generated.
The electron transport chain carries excited electrons through a series of proteins to generate a proton motive force
The transfer of H+ across a membrane. In cellular respiration it is used to power ATP synthase.
Chemiosmosis
In the nitrogen cycle bacteria participate in ______
Denitrification, ammonification, and nitrification.
Cyanobacteria are capable of what kind of fixation?
Cyanobacteria can do both carbon and nitrogen fixation.
What bacteria participates in the sulfur cycle?
Chemoautotrophic bacteria
Bacteria such as Bacillus convert nitrates into nitrogen gas allowing it to reenter the atmosphere. This is _____.
Denitrification
Carbon Dioxide is the source of atmospheric carbon. T/F
True
What is the first step of lipid catabolism?
Lipases hydrolyze triglycerides
During lipid catabolism fatty acids undergo Beta-Oxidation to create _______.
acetyl Co-a, NADH, and FADH2
Bacillus subtilis is a soil microbe that can digest the protein keratin. Which of the following must be produced?
Protease
Before an amino acid can be metabolized the amino group must be removed by the process of _____.
deamination
Candida albicans is lipase positive. This means it has the ability to metabolize _____.
Lipids
Lipases hydrolyze fatty acids to create a ______ and _________.
glycerol and three free fatty acids.
What resource can enter glycolysis?
Glycerol
What is the name of the process in which larger molecules are broken into smaller products to release energy.
Catabolism
How do enzymes catalyze reactions?
By lowering activation energy.
What are enzyme catalysts reactions incapable of doing?
Increasing/Decreasing the Delta-G
When electrons are transferred from a donor to an acceptor in a detox reaction, what happens to the donor?
The donor becomes oxidized
Extremes in ______ can disrupt an enzyme by causing it to denature.
pH
A site on an enzyme other than the active site that can bind molecules and influence the shape of the active site is __.
The Allosteric Site
Egg white is rich in the protein albumin, raw it is opaque and viscous but when cooked it is white and firm. Why?
The albumin was denatured. The heat caused the protein to unravel.
Sucrose is a disaccharide that binds to sucrase causing glucose and fructose to be produced. What is the substrate?
Sucrose is the substrate
Glycine is a neurotransmitter. Strychnine binds to the glycine receptor and alters its structure. This is an example of
Non-Competitive inhibition. The active site is modified by the Strychnine binding to the allosteric site.
What resource in the energy cycle is like an Uber driver?
NADH shuttles molecules from reaction to reaction.
A species of bacteria uses inorganic compounds as their source of energy and their carbon source. These are _____.
Chemoautotrophs
When a NADP+ reacts to form NADPH it has been ______.
reduced
What is the function of photosystems within cells?
To absorb light and convert it to ATP and NADPH
Photosystems are involved in both light-dependent reactions and light-independent reactions. T/F
False
In noncyclic photophosphorylation organisms must constantly replenish ___ to the reaction center of photosystem II.
Electrons
Which of the following is the first step in the Calvin Cycle?
Carbon Fixation
Why must ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP) be regenerated during the Calvin-Benson cycle?
It is needed to “catch” the incoming CO2 so carbon fixation can continue
The inputs for the Calvin-Benson cycle are _____, _____, and _____.
CO2, NADPH, and ATP
Where do the H+ used in the generation of ATP in the light -dependent reactions come from?
They are produced when water is split in photosystem II
Photosynthesis is always oxygenic. T/F
False
The direct transfer of phosphate between substrates is called _____.
Substrate level phosphorylation
How many molecules of pyruvate are produced by glycolysis?
Two
How many net molecules of ATP are produced by glycolysis?
Two
How many molecules of FADH2 are per initial glucose by the Krebs cycle?
Two
How many molecules of NADH are generated per turn of the Krebs cycle?
Three
Which of the following is/are produced by the Krebs cycle?
NADH, GTP/ATP, and FADH2 are all produced.
During glycolysis electrons and hydrogens are harvested from glucose. The absence of _____ would slow glycolysis down.
NAD+ because it needs to pick up the hydrogen.
The transition reaction is often called “oxidation of pyruvate.” Why is this an appropriate name?
As pyruvate is converted to electrons and transferred to NAD+
Glycolysis occurs in the _____.
Cytoplasm
