Test 3 Chapter 11 Study Guide Flashcards
(105 cards)
Central Dogma of Molecular Biology
DNA will be transcribe into RNA which will be translated into proteins. Can only move in one direction.
Genotype
Genes contained within a cell
Phenotype
Physical characteristics.
Semiconservative Replication
Two strands of DNA separate during replication. Each strand serves as a template for the new strand. The new double stranded DNA has one “old” strand and one “new” strand
Origin of replication
where replication begins, only 1 origin in bacteria
Topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase)
Relaxes the super coil
Helicase
Separates the DNA strands. Unzips the genes only a short distance
Replication Fork
one side of the now open DNA strands and the still helixed end –{
Single-Stranded Binding Proteins
Prevent the newly separated DNA strands from hydrogen bonding together again.
Primase
Adds RNA primers
RNA primers function
Allows DNA polymerase III to attach as it can only attach to RNA primers
Initiation
DNA Gyrase relaxes super coil at origin of replication. Helicase separates DNA. Bidirectional Replication. Primase adds RNA primers.
DNA Polymerase III
Adds new nucleotides in 5’ -> 3’ direction
Leading Strand
Complementary to the 3’->5’ parent strand. Extended continuously
Lagging Strand
Complementary to the 5’->3’ parent strand. Has Okazaki fragments.
Okazaki Fragments
Short spurts of 5’->3’ chunks on the lagging strand.
DNA polymerase I
replaces RNA primers with DNA
DNA Ligase
Seals the cracks between okazaki fragments in the lagging stand
Elongation
DNA polymerase III starts adding nucleotides. DNA Poly I replaces RNA primer with DNA. DNA Ligase seals cracks.
Termination
Not a lot of information about this process. Topoisomerase IV unlocks the newly synthesized chromosomes.
DNA polymerase III and errors during replication
Has proofreading abilities which reduce errors during DNA replication.
Telomere
Noncoding sequence at ends of chromosomes.
Telomerase
Extends the telomeres
Rolling Circle Replication occurs in
Plasmids