Test 4: cerebral

Question 1

are commonly observed in poisoning (opiate or barbiturate) or brain stem dysfunction

Answer 1

Pinpoint pupils

Question 2

Are often seen after seizures and may involve one side

Answer 2

Widely dilated and reactive pupils

Question 3

Suggested paralysis of CN III secondary to pressure from herniation of the brain through the tentorium

Answer 3

widely dilated and fixed pupils

Question 4

Usually suggests a lesion on the same side

Answer 4

unilateral fixed pupils

Question 5

Usually imply brainstem damage if present more than 5 minutes

Answer 5

Bilateral fixed pupil

Question 6

Occur in hypothermia, anoxia, ischemia, poisoning with atropine like substances, or prior instillation mydriatic drugs

Answer 6

Dilated and nonreactive pupils

Question 7

Occurs with sever dysfunction of the cerbral cortex or with lesions to corticospinal tracts above the brainstem

Answer 7

Flexion posturing (decorticate)

Question 8

Is a sign of dysfunction at the level of the midbrain or lesions to the brainstem

Answer 8

Extension (decerebrate)

Question 9

Conscious sedation drugs

Answer 9

Chloral hydrate
IV sodium Pentobarbital (nembutal)
IV fentanyl (sublimaze)
IV or intranasal midazolam (versed)

Question 10

Injuries that occur at a time of trauma

Answer 10

Skull fracture
Contusions
Intracranial hematoma
Diffuse injury

Question 11

Are a single fracture line that starts at the point of maximum impact and spreads; however they do not cross suture lines

Answer 11

Linear fracture

Question 12

Are those in which the bone is locally broken, usually into sever irregular fragments that are pushed inward

Answer 12

depressed fracture

Question 13

Consist of multiple associated linear fractures, they usually result from intense impact often from repeated blow, they may suggest child abuse, particularly if they occur in the occipital lobe

Answer 13

Compound fracture

Question 14

Involve the bones at the base of the skull, is a serious head injury , check for CSF leakage, meningitis is a risk with CSF leakage

Answer 14

Basilar fracture

Question 15

separation of cranial bones at a suture

Answer 15

Diastatic

Question 16

bruising at the site of impact

Answer 16

coup

Question 17

bruising at a site far removed from the point of impact

Answer 17

contrecoup

Question 18

definitive test for bacterial meningitis

Answer 18

LP

Question 19

long term complication of a brain abscess

Answer 19

seizures

Question 20

common complication of TB meningitis

Answer 20

hydrocephalus

Question 21

causes of seizures

Answer 21

Infection 
Tumors
Systemic diseases
Drugs
Trauma

Question 22

treatment for infantile spasms

Answer 22

ACTH

Question 23

treatment for febrile seizures if on going

Answer 23

Diazepam (rectal)