Test 4 - Cartridges and Projectiles Flashcards
How is Separate Ammunition loaded into a BL weapon?
- The Proj and charge bags are loaded into the chamber of the gun
- The Breech is closed to provide obturation
- A Tube or Primer is inserted into the Breech.
9 Types of Carrier Projectiles:
- Flare
- Radar Echo
- Incendiary
- Illumination
- Smoke
- Sub Projectiles/munitions
- Conventional Anti Personnel
- Propaganda
- Chemical
4 Methods of operation for carrier shells:
- Bursting
- Base Ejection
- Nose Ejection (generally Anti-Pers)
- Base Emission
What are the three types of Ammunition for Guns?
- Fixed
- Semi-Fixed
- Separate
** Explain how Rocket Assisted Projectile (RAP) works?
- Rocket cap removed prior to loading
- On Firing propellant gases ignite delay composition - 7 sec delay
- Delay ignites rocket igniter and main rocket motor propellant
- Booster phase - 2 secs, sustain - 7 secs
- Propellant gases released through venturi
Define Exploder system:
Components used for transmitting the impulse from the fuze or booster to the HE filling.
Define Supplementary Charge:
A cylindrical aluminium container, (filled with TNT/Comp B) which is used to fill the cavity below the fuze in deep cavity projectiles. it is removed when some proximity fuzes are fitted to the proj.
3 Main benefits of supplementry charges? NES
N - No explosive migration
E - Ease of Removal
S - Setback movement eliminated
What are the four types of charge bags?
- Stem and Ring
- Stem and Segment
- Unequal
- Equal
What are the requirements of a Cart Case? PEPA
- Protection of contents
- Easy Loading and extraction
- Provide efficient obturation
- Able to house a primer
Types of Gun Systems?
- Breech Loading (BL)
- Quick Firing (QF)
Components of both BL and QF systems:
BL: - Tubes/Primers - Bagged Charge - Projectile QF: - CC with Primer - Propelling Charge (can be bags) - Projectile
Requirements/Design Considerations for Chargebags?
- Non Smoulder
- Non Stretch
- Non Wear
- Be insect, vermin and rot proof
- Be entirely consumed on firing
- Be Permeable to the flash from the tube
How many QF systems are there? name and describe them?
3:
- Fixed:
- Proj and CC joined together
- Loaded as one unit
- Rammed as one unit
- charge not adjustable
- Semi-Fixed:
- Proj and CC packed together
- Mated togehter and loaded as one unit
- Projectiled rammed by CC
- Adjustable charge
- Separate:
- Proj and CC packed separately
- Loaded as two units
- Proj is rammed before CC is loaded
- Adjustable Charge
Advantages of QF Separate/Semi-Fixed over QF Fixed?
- Adjustable Charge
- Can replace damaged CC
- Less stowage problems due to the reduced length
7 Types of Charges?
F - Fractional I - Incremental R - Reduce D - De-coppering B - Blank S - Super N - Normal
Advantages of CCC?
L - Less fumes
A - Ammo weight is less
N - No spent CC to be collected or extracted
N - No Cluttering at the gun sites
E - Easier to adjust charge
E - Everything loaded into the chamber plays some part in ballistics
R - Reduced Barrel Wear
Components of Projectile Picute:
- Lip
- Fuze Hole
- Ogive
- Band Bourrelet
- Band
- Wall
- Governing Section
- Driving Band
- Shoulder
- Baseplate
- Head
- Body
- Base
How many HE Filling techniques and what are they?
4:
- Casting
- Pressing
- Extruding
- Pre-forming/cocooning
How many types of Corrosion and what are they?
CRAZM
5 C - Cupric Azide Contamination R - Rust (ferrous oxide) A - Aluminium Oxidation Z - Zine Exudation / 'Free Copper' M - MAZAK Contamination
Reasons why Brass is used to manufacture CCs?
- Performs well in most equipment
- Metallurgy and techniques are well known
- Does not corrode to give hard abrasive particles
3 methods used to attach projectiles to Cart Cases?
- Coning
- Canneluring
- Coning & Canneluring
5 Uses for Copper regarding Ammo:
- Driving Bands
- Detonators
- Shaped charge liners
- CC
- SAA Jackets
Why are driving bands required?
- To centre projectile in bore and impart spin in rifling
- To prevent the forward escape of propellant gases (obturation)
- To prevent slip back of the projectile when loaded at high elevations
2 Methods of preventing twisting of Driving Bands?
- Knurling
- Wavy Rib
3 Classifications of Tracers?
- Tracer Projectile
- Tracer and Igniter Projectile
- Integral Tracer
What is the Method of Sealing Tracers?
- Brass or Celluloid discs or cups
- Sealing methods vary considerably
- NG and Carbamite
- Bakelite discs
2 Main types of plastics used for Ammo and Why?
- Thermoplastic:
- Softened on heating, and reharden on cooling allow
reshaping. - Qty of reshaping is restricted.
- Softened on heating, and reharden on cooling allow
- Thermosetting plastic:
- Acid Insoluble and incapable of being softened by
heat. - Higher physical properties than steel but lighter.
- Acid Insoluble and incapable of being softened by
4 Natural Fibres:
- Silk
- Rubber
- Cellulose
- Wool
How many Projectile Classifications and what are they?
3:
- Operational Projectiles
- Weapon Functioning / Inspection
- Training Projectiles
4 Methods of HE shell manufacture?
- Normally steel
- Cast
- Forged
- Extruded
6 Factors Affecting HE Shell Design?
- Ballistic performance
- TGT Effect
- Strength to withstand firing stresses
- Safe handling, transportation and storage
- User requirements
- Economy in manufacture
4 Methods of Manufacturing HE Shells?
- Cast
- Normally steel
- Forged
- Extruded
Components of a Projectile (picture)
Picture
2 Types of RCL design and a description?
- Solid CC with bow out rear disc
- Primer located to rear side of CC
- Only loaded one way to ensure firing pin and primer are aligned
- On firing propellant charge initiated
- pressure builds, disc ruptures, projectiles propelled forward
- propellant gases ecape through the breech hole and out through venturi.
- Perforated CC system
- Sheath surrounding propellant
- Annular space
- Propellant gases to escape through holes in CC, into annular space, out through venturi.
2 Types of Primers and componets?
- Percussion
- BMCAP. Body, Magazine, Cap, Anvil, Plug
- Electric: BW and CC
- Bridge Wire:
- BMCM. Body, Magazine, Contact piece, Bridge
- Conducting Cap:
- BMCP. Base, Magazine, Cap, Pole Unit
- Bridge Wire:
2 Purposes of tracers:
- Emit light
- Self destruct
Ratio for Brass CC?
70/30 Cu/Zn
6 Requirements of a Driving Band:
- No excessive pressure on the shell or barrel
- Cater for change in bore diameter (wear)
- Remain firmly attached to the proj
- Must not alter the ballistic shape of the proj
- Cause no excessive friction or bore wear
- Simple to make and fit
