LAD Flashcards
Types of Natures can be burnt? (4)
- Propellant
- Gunpowder - bulk, charges and igniters
- SAA, Pyrotechnics and Primers
- HE Projectiles
How many SAA and HD 1.4 can be burnt? and what is the safety dist from site and between sites? (3)
- 100kg NEQ
- 100m Safety Dist
- 150m between sites.
Types of SAA/Pyro/Primers can be burnt? (7)
- SAA up to 20mm, excluding HE, HEIT or similar.
- Sig and Illum Carts
- Primers SA Carts
- Primers elec and Perc
- Primary Carts
- Matches
- FBT
Methods of SAA Burning? (2)
- Drum
- Trench
Quantity limits for SAA Burns for Drum and Trench? (2)
Drum: 6000 rnds
Trench: 12000 rnds per square metre at depth of 0.6m
When can the quantity of SAA burns be varied?
At discretion of OIC in cases where previous prac experience indicates that increases in quantity are safe and efficient.
How much propellant can be burnt? and what is the safety dist from site and between sites? (4)
- 500kg NEQ
- 100m
- 50m
- 24 before same site can be used.
What are the limitations of laying bagged charge propellant? (4)
- Laid out in line toward the wind
- Single layer, max width 4m
- Reducing to width 3 bags.
- Igniter to igniter at ignition point when using elec or when meets trail.
What are the limitations of laying loose propellant? (4)
- Laid out in line toward the wind
- Max width 1m
- Reducing to single stick at point of initiation
- 2m long from point of initiation to width of 30cm
How can you initiate propellant burns and what is the misfire soak time? (3)
- Electrical (ITBFE)
- Propellant trail (matches)
- Misfire 30min soak time
What actions do you need to do before and after a propellant burn? (1) (5)
Before:
- Site inspected and removal of extraneous material then watered down.
After:
- Site well watered down
- All fires extinguished
- Unburnt igniters collected with non-ferrous tools
- Unburnt propellant collected and burnt separately
- Removal of extraneous material and watered again.
How do you dispose of Pressfit Primers? (3)
- Arrange in Row laying down of standing primer up.
- secure sufficient single strands of detcord to cover primer base.
- OIC to ensure all CC are functioned prior to FFE.
What are the special precautions for WP? (10)
- Pers familiar with immediate treatment of WP burns
- Plentiful supply of water readily available
- Min 20L sterilised water reserved for WP burns
- Retired position to be upwind of dems site
- Open range safety dist to be applied
- Boots and implements to be passed through a fire
- No approach until 10mins post last smoke seen
- Remain standing during clearance phase
- Sleeves down and fasted at wrists.
- Gas masks and heavy-duty leather gloves to be worn when approaching and during site clearance.
What ammunition fits into what layer in dems LAD? (5)
- Bottom Layer: ammo containing sml qty of HE
- Second Layer: Hvy cased ammo
- Third Layer: light cased ammo
- Top Layer & around stack: bulk Explosives
- Centre of Stack: ammo with smoke composition
Why should LAD be confucted below the ground? (4)
- Minimise the effect
- Minimise the effect of frag
- Enhance the effect of the dem charge
- Assists in the containment should partial det occur
What is Tamping and it’s purpose?
- Covering demolitions with packed earth/sandbags
Purpose: - ensure ammo remains in close contact
- stabilised stack during multiple detonations
What disposal method is used for large calibre projectiles to reduce shock, blast and projected frag? (2)
- Post hole Method (Undercut method)
What are the minimum dimensions of post hole? (3)
Dia: 30cm
Depth: 1.5m approx
Dist between holes: 2m
What are the considerations of undercut method? (4)
- Time and manpower
- HE items to be destroyed
- Condition of ground
- Integrity of undercut
Stuckfast Charge Diagram:
Left: - Charge withdrawal cord - Tape Bridle - Styrofoam container - Blasting cap - Ejection charge - Tape wrap Right: - Cap lead - Tape - Dimension 'A' (dist between centre of chge and top of container) - Water passage chanels
Diagram of Primed projectiles:
X = Primed. O = Unprimed. XXX OOOO XOXOX OOOOOO XOXOXOX
What are the two categories of stuck fast projectiles and their causes and who’s responsible? (2)
- Simple Case (no shot travel: misfired/unload with DB engaged). - Unit responsibility
- Abnormal Case (shot travelled and become stuck, failure of obturation) - AT Responsibility
Methods for simple case and abnormal case stuck fast projectiles? (2)(1)
Simple: - Ejection by firing - Mechanical Ejection Abnormal: - Use of an ejection charge.
At what distance is the charged placed in the barrel for stuck fast projectiles? (1)
- 457mm from projectile.
What are alternate methods for charges used for stuck fast proj in thin walled barrels? (2)
- 1 or more .50cal elec carts
- elec detonators
Max limits and requirements of burning gunpowder? (2)
- 25kg and wetted prior to disposal (8L sufficient for 25kg) - 7kg max per metre laid - Non-ferrous tools to be used - 50m safety dist upwind - elec initiation
What HE natures can be disposed of by burning? (3)
- 155mm Howitzer
- 105mm Howitzer
- 81mm Mortar
What is to be removed from HE natures prior to burning? (5)
- Primary/Augmenting charges
- Tracers if screw fitted
- Metal fuze cups
- Red Phos smk boxes
- Exploders of Boosters
What is the distances/layout/qty limits for burning of HE natures? (5)
- 1/2 calibre between rows
- 1 calibre between adjacent proj
- Laid so burning is downwind
- Not more than 20 per group
- Groups not less than 0.6m apart
Limitations for disposing of detonators? (
- Place in wooden box in pit
- No more than 6 tier high
- Sawdust used for stability
- Commercial cardboard packaging can remain
- Dets placed on last
- Don’t tamp.