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AT Course_NE > Test 1 - Weapon Design > Flashcards

Test 1 - Weapon Design Flashcards

1
Q

What do detonators mainly consist of?

A

Mercury Fulminate

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2
Q

Who is credited with the concept of a gun?

A

The monk Black Berthold

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3
Q

Why were trunnions an important improvement to weapons?

A

Absorbed some of the recoil shock.

Allowed the gun to be raised and lowered for firing.

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4
Q

Who designed first modern combustion time fuse?

A

Colonel Boxer

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5
Q

What is the British name for Picric Acid?

A

Lyddite

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6
Q

What are the two smokeless propellants and what do they consist of?

A

Ballistite - camphor (wax), nitroglycerine (NG) and Collodion (Nitrocellulose (NC)).

Cordite - Nitroglycerine (NG), guncotton (nitrocellulose (NC)) and petroleum jelly.

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7
Q

What is FAE?

A

Fuel Air Explosive:
Two casualty producing elements to be hardness together - Heat and Overpressure.
compound termed: Thermobaric

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8
Q

What was Roger Bacon’s importance in regard to the development of explosives?

A

He described the composition of gunpowder and experimented to improve its quality and explosive power

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9
Q

When and where was the first self contained SAA cartridge created?

A

1808 in Paris

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10
Q

What does NG do to NC?

A

Dissolves it.

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11
Q

HMX was initially a side product of what HE?

A

RDX

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12
Q

What does gunpowder consist of?

A 
Potassium nitrate (saltpetre), Sulphur and Resins/charcoal. 
With arsenic added to produce toxic smoke.
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13
Q

What is Tetryl used for and why?

A

A booster as it’s too sensitive for a main fill.

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14
Q

What is fulminate mercury used for?

A

Mainly used for detonators

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15
Q

What does guncotton consist of?

A

Nitrocellulose, Nitric Acid and cotton fibres.

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16
Q

PETN is used as a secondary explosive in what service EO?

A

Detonating Cord.

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17
Q

Name three early methods of rifling.

A

Hexagonal barrel and projectile
Studded projectile
Lead coated projectile

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18
Q

What does Greek fire consist of?

A

Naphtha, Sulphur and Pitch.

More incendiary than explosive.

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19
Q

When we’re the first atomic and Hydrogen thermonuclear bombs developed?

A

1945 (little boy and fat man) and 1947 (Russian A bomb)

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20
Q

Who experimented with gunpowder and why?

A

Roger bacon, to improve its quality and explosive power

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21
Q

Why do grains of gunpowder loaded in a Gun have sufficient room between them?

A

To allow the flash to reach them all at the same time.

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22
Q

What are the types of modern smokeless powders?

A

Single, double and triple based propellants.

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23
Q

When the cast iron barrels become prevalent?

A

16th Century

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24
Q

Who invented the breech loading gun?

A

Sir William Armstrong.

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25
What does dynamite consist of?
Nitroglycerine (NG)
26
Single shot martini Henry rifle suffered what problems?
Extraction issues due to weak cart cases and excessive fouling due to the use of black powder as the main charge
27
List the methods of barrel construction.
``` Monobloc Composite Wire Wound Built Up Barrels Loose Barrel/Loose Liner ```
28
What do fume extractors aid in?
To prevent the fumes entering the crew compartment
29
What are the 2 categories of breech mechanisims?
Screw and Sliding
30
A decrease in the initial resistance to shot start is cause by what and what effect will this have?
Barrel Wear | Rand Range is decreased
31
There are three types of muzzle brakes, what are they?
Built Up Solid forging Swaged - double baffle, single baffle
32
What term is used to describe the diameter of the bore excluding the depth of the lands?
calibre
33
how do you measure the calibre?
the diameter of the bore excluding the depth of the lands.
34
What are the three groups of firing mechanisms?
Percussion Electric Percussion Electric
35
What categorioes of ammunition are each breech mechanism designed for?
Screw - Separate Ammo | Sliding Block - Semifixed or Fixed Ammo.
36
Two types of Barrel Wear?
Erosive Wear - chemical action of hot, high pressure gases | Abrassive Wear - driving band
37
Name the types of Stresses on barrels?
``` Girder stress Radial Stress Circumferential Stress Longitudunal Stress Torsional Stress ```
38
4 Barrel Characteristics
Life,, Strength, Stiffness, Centre of Gravity.
39
3 Main components of Ordnance
Barrel incl attachments Breech Firing Mechanism
40
What is the function of the Ordnance
Provides a vessel to contain the force of the burning charge in such a way that the energy produced is transmitted safely and predictably to the projectile.
41
Types of Trails?
Pole Trail Box Trail Split Trail Bowed Box Trail
42
Function of Trails
Transmit recoil forces to the ground hold gun in position connects weapon to vehicle
43
Define Mountings and Carriages.
The Part of the gun which provides support during transport of the ordnance and maintains its stability during firing.
44
Difference between Carriage and Mounting?
Carriage travels on wheels and it's wheels in contact with ground when firing. Mounting doesn't fire with wheels in contact with the ground.
45
Two types of Mountings?
Mobile (towed) or Self Propelled.
46
Functions of a Carriage or Mounting
Provide mobility for transportation Support Ordance and give stability Give ordnance direction in eleveation or traverse Provide accurate and quick laying to ordnance Absorb recoil energy and return gun to firing position
47
Two classificaitons of Mounting
Static and semi static mounting.
48
Two major parts of a carriage or mounting?
Superstructure and Basic structure
49
Superstructure Consists of:
SRCBETS
50
Saddle consists of:
Central pivot Trunnion bearings Some gun designs don't require a saddle
51
Cradle Types:
Trough Type Ring Type Open Structure
52
Balancing Gear types:
Tension and Compression.
53
3 Types of Elevating Gears:
Worm and Segment Nut and Screw Arc and Pinion
54
4 Types of Traversing Gears
Nut and Screw Arc and Pinion Rapson nut and Screw
55
He projectiles designed to:
Disperse high velocity fragments and is accompanied by blast.
56
Requirements for Artillery?
``` A - Ammunition M - Mobility R - Range A - Accuracy and consistency P - Protection ```
57
5 Arty Ammo Natures?
HE, Smoke, Illum, Guided porjectiles, Sub-munitions
58
3 Ways for Arty fuzes to function?
Airburst, Groundburst, Delay
59
Types of Arty Carrier munitions?
Smoke, Smoke WP, Illum, Sub-munitions
60
Arty Smoke uses:
Blind enemy observation Screen movements of troops Marking Targets
61
4 Reasons Illum isn't carried?
Image Intesifiers Low Light television Thermal Imaging Infa-Red sights
62
2 methods to increase arty range?
Ballistic Co-efficiency | Post Firing Boost - base bleed or rkt assist
63
Definition of Accuracy?
measurement of precision which the MPI of a group of rounds can be placed on a target
64
Definition of Consitency?
meausurement of the spread of rounds around the MPI from the same gun and elevation/aim point.
65
4 Factors affecting Accuracy:
Survey of guns Accuracy of target loc inaccuracy inherent to the ammo and instruments correntions applied for external conditions
66
4 factors affecting consistency:
muzzle velocity ballistic coefficiency weather laying, ramming and wear of the gun
67
Protection for arty guns from indirect fire x4:
dispersion cam and concealment digging mobility
68
Definition of a Mortar:
``` F - Fin stabilised bomb L - Low MV O - Own propelling charge H - High trajectory R - Recoil to ground through baseplate S - Smooth bore M - Muzzle Loaded ``` Weapon in which the recoil if transmitted to the ground through a base-plate. usually smoothbore, muzzle loading, firing a fin stablised bomb with its own propelling charge at low MV and high trajectory.
69
4 Advantages of Mortars:
Moderate Cost Low Weight Simplicity High Angle and rates of fire
70
5 Disadvantages of Mortars:
``` long flight time relative inaccuracy compared to guns dependent on ground conditions degraded performance in wet lack of protection for crews ```
71
Categories of Mortars:
Light - 50-70mm Medium - Up to 100mm Heavy - 120mm Gun - Rifled barrels, breech loading, recoil system
72
2 Main Components with sub components of Mortar ammo:
Bomb Body - Fuze and provides obturation | Tail Unit - Propulsion system
73
2 Types of Mortar Propulsion/augmenting cartridges:
- Thin leaves of plasticised propellant stapled together. | - Hollow plastic carts containing granular propellant.
74
Mortar Ammo Natues:
HE, sub-munitons, smoke producing, smoke burst, Illum.
75
Mortar Fuzes SAD. explain?
Designed to arm themselves on the acceleration that occurs in the barrel and this force is applied for less than 10m/s. Fitted with an additon safety pin. Modern fuzes include delayed arming mech (escape mech)
76
Mortar Fuze types x4:
Impact/PD Delay MTSQ Prox
77
Windage definition:
gap between outer wall of the bob and inner wall of the tube.
78
Explain Static Margin:
Distance between the Cenre of pressure and CoG. larger static margin the greater chance to canel yaw. static margin should be equal to at least 1 calibre.
79
4 ways to extend Range for mortars:
DS Rkt Assist Spin stabalised Breech loaded
80
Considerations for Delivery Systems:
``` N - Nature of Task E - Effect Required at target T - Terrain R - Range P - Protection M - Mobility ```
81
Tasks for Delivery Systems:
``` N - Neutralisation I - Interdiction (cut off supply liens) C - Counter Battery Fire C - Coordination of Fire D - Destruction I - Illumination S - Suppression H - Harrassment ```
82
FFR definition:
A tube open at one end in which fuel is burnt, the gases form the burning fuel escape out of the opened end. The momentum of escaping gases causing an equal and opposite reaction on the closed end The projectile flight path cannot be changed
83
Name Direct Fire Systems x3:
Small Arms - <20mm Cannon - >20mm Rockets
84
Types of Delivery Systems:
``` Guns Mortars FFR Direct Fire Systems Recoiless Systems Guided Missles ```
85
Points on Recoiless Systems:
``` 84mm M3 Carl Gustaf Man Portable Versatile payload limited armour protection large firing signature ```
86
Points on Guided Missles:
Greater accuracy High Velocity Increased cost Specific Target Types
87
Define Ammunition:
All material used in discharging a weapon that is thrown, dropped, placed, projected, shot, launched, inclusive of explosives, pyrotechnics fuzes are Ammo. All the material used in discharging all types of firearms or any weapon that throws projectiles, shot, shrapnel, bullets, carts and the means of igniting and exploding them as primers and fixes. Chemicals, bombs, grenades, mines and Pyros are also Ammo.

AT Course_NE (23 decks)

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