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AT Course_NE > Test 1 - Weapon Design > Flashcards

Test 1 - Weapon Design Flashcards

1
Q

What do detonators mainly consist of?

A

Mercury Fulminate

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2
Q

Who is credited with the concept of a gun?

A

The monk Black Berthold

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3
Q

Why were trunnions an important improvement to weapons?

A

Absorbed some of the recoil shock.

Allowed the gun to be raised and lowered for firing.

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4
Q

Who designed first modern combustion time fuse?

A

Colonel Boxer

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5
Q

What is the British name for Picric Acid?

A

Lyddite

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6
Q

What are the two smokeless propellants and what do they consist of?

A

Ballistite - camphor (wax), nitroglycerine (NG) and Collodion (Nitrocellulose (NC)).

Cordite - Nitroglycerine (NG), guncotton (nitrocellulose (NC)) and petroleum jelly.

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7
Q

What is FAE?

A

Fuel Air Explosive:
Two casualty producing elements to be hardness together - Heat and Overpressure.
compound termed: Thermobaric

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8
Q

What was Roger Bacon’s importance in regard to the development of explosives?

A

He described the composition of gunpowder and experimented to improve its quality and explosive power

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9
Q

When and where was the first self contained SAA cartridge created?

A

1808 in Paris

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10
Q

What does NG do to NC?

A

Dissolves it.

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11
Q

HMX was initially a side product of what HE?

A

RDX

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12
Q

What does gunpowder consist of?

A 
Potassium nitrate (saltpetre), Sulphur and Resins/charcoal. 
With arsenic added to produce toxic smoke.
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13
Q

What is Tetryl used for and why?

A

A booster as it’s too sensitive for a main fill.

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14
Q

What is fulminate mercury used for?

A

Mainly used for detonators

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15
Q

What does guncotton consist of?

A

Nitrocellulose, Nitric Acid and cotton fibres.

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16
Q

PETN is used as a secondary explosive in what service EO?

A

Detonating Cord.

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17
Q

Name three early methods of rifling.

A

Hexagonal barrel and projectile
Studded projectile
Lead coated projectile

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18
Q

What does Greek fire consist of?

A

Naphtha, Sulphur and Pitch.

More incendiary than explosive.

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19
Q

When we’re the first atomic and Hydrogen thermonuclear bombs developed?

A

1945 (little boy and fat man) and 1947 (Russian A bomb)

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20
Q

Who experimented with gunpowder and why?

A

Roger bacon, to improve its quality and explosive power

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21
Q

Why do grains of gunpowder loaded in a Gun have sufficient room between them?

A

To allow the flash to reach them all at the same time.

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22
Q

What are the types of modern smokeless powders?

A

Single, double and triple based propellants.

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23
Q

When the cast iron barrels become prevalent?

A

16th Century

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24
Q

Who invented the breech loading gun?

A

Sir William Armstrong.

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25
Q

What does dynamite consist of?

A

Nitroglycerine (NG)

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26
Q

Single shot martini Henry rifle suffered what problems?

A

Extraction issues due to weak cart cases and excessive fouling due to the use of black powder as the main charge

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27
Q

List the methods of barrel construction.

A 
Monobloc
Composite
Wire Wound
Built Up Barrels
Loose Barrel/Loose Liner
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28
Q

What do fume extractors aid in?

A

To prevent the fumes entering the crew compartment

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29
Q

What are the 2 categories of breech mechanisims?

A

Screw and Sliding

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30
Q

A decrease in the initial resistance to shot start is cause by what and what effect will this have?

A

Barrel Wear

Rand Range is decreased

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31
Q

There are three types of muzzle brakes, what are they?

A

Built Up
Solid forging
Swaged - double baffle, single baffle

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32
Q

What term is used to describe the diameter of the bore excluding the depth of the lands?

A

calibre

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33
Q

how do you measure the calibre?

A

the diameter of the bore excluding the depth of the lands.

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34
Q

What are the three groups of firing mechanisms?

A

Percussion
Electric
Percussion Electric

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35
Q

What categorioes of ammunition are each breech mechanism designed for?

A

Screw - Separate Ammo

Sliding Block - Semifixed or Fixed Ammo.

36
Q

Two types of Barrel Wear?

A

Erosive Wear - chemical action of hot, high pressure gases

Abrassive Wear - driving band

37
Q

Name the types of Stresses on barrels?

A 
Girder stress
Radial Stress
Circumferential Stress
Longitudunal Stress
Torsional Stress
38
Q

4 Barrel Characteristics

A

Life,, Strength, Stiffness, Centre of Gravity.

39
Q

3 Main components of Ordnance

A

Barrel incl attachments
Breech
Firing Mechanism

40
Q

What is the function of the Ordnance

A

Provides a vessel to contain the force of the burning charge in such a way that the energy produced is transmitted safely and predictably to the projectile.

41
Q

Types of Trails?

A

Pole Trail
Box Trail
Split Trail
Bowed Box Trail

42
Q

Function of Trails

A

Transmit recoil forces to the ground
hold gun in position
connects weapon to vehicle

43
Q

Define Mountings and Carriages.

A

The Part of the gun which provides support during transport of the ordnance and maintains its stability during firing.

44
Q

Difference between Carriage and Mounting?

A

Carriage travels on wheels and it’s wheels in contact with ground when firing. Mounting doesn’t fire with wheels in contact with the ground.

45
Q

Two types of Mountings?

A

Mobile (towed) or Self Propelled.

46
Q

Functions of a Carriage or Mounting

A

Provide mobility for transportation
Support Ordance and give stability
Give ordnance direction in eleveation or traverse
Provide accurate and quick laying to ordnance
Absorb recoil energy and return gun to firing position

47
Q

Two classificaitons of Mounting

A

Static and semi static mounting.

48
Q

Two major parts of a carriage or mounting?

A

Superstructure and Basic structure

49
Q

Superstructure Consists of:

A

SRCBETS

50
Q

Saddle consists of:

A

Central pivot
Trunnion bearings
Some gun designs don’t require a saddle

51
Q

Cradle Types:

A

Trough Type
Ring Type
Open Structure

52
Q

Balancing Gear types:

A

Tension and Compression.

53
Q

3 Types of Elevating Gears:

A

Worm and Segment
Nut and Screw
Arc and Pinion

54
Q

4 Types of Traversing Gears

A

Nut and Screw
Arc and Pinion
Rapson nut and Screw

55
Q

He projectiles designed to:

A

Disperse high velocity fragments and is accompanied by blast.

56
Q

Requirements for Artillery?

A 
A - Ammunition
M - Mobility
R - Range
A - Accuracy and consistency
P - Protection
57
Q

5 Arty Ammo Natures?

A

HE, Smoke, Illum, Guided porjectiles, Sub-munitions

58
Q

3 Ways for Arty fuzes to function?

A

Airburst, Groundburst, Delay

59
Q

Types of Arty Carrier munitions?

A

Smoke, Smoke WP, Illum, Sub-munitions

60
Q

Arty Smoke uses:

A

Blind enemy observation
Screen movements of troops
Marking Targets

61
Q

4 Reasons Illum isn’t carried?

A

Image Intesifiers
Low Light television
Thermal Imaging
Infa-Red sights

62
Q

2 methods to increase arty range?

A

Ballistic Co-efficiency

Post Firing Boost - base bleed or rkt assist

63
Q

Definition of Accuracy?

A

measurement of precision which the MPI of a group of rounds can be placed on a target

64
Q

Definition of Consitency?

A

meausurement of the spread of rounds around the MPI from the same gun and elevation/aim point.

65
Q

4 Factors affecting Accuracy:

A

Survey of guns
Accuracy of target loc
inaccuracy inherent to the ammo and instruments
correntions applied for external conditions

66
Q

4 factors affecting consistency:

A

muzzle velocity
ballistic coefficiency
weather
laying, ramming and wear of the gun

67
Q

Protection for arty guns from indirect fire x4:

A

dispersion
cam and concealment
digging
mobility

68
Q

Definition of a Mortar:

A 
F - Fin stabilised bomb
L - Low MV
O - Own propelling charge
H - High trajectory
R - Recoil to ground through baseplate
S - Smooth bore
M - Muzzle Loaded

Weapon in which the recoil if transmitted to the ground through a base-plate. usually smoothbore, muzzle loading, firing a fin stablised bomb with its own propelling charge at low MV and high trajectory.

69
Q

4 Advantages of Mortars:

A

Moderate Cost
Low Weight
Simplicity
High Angle and rates of fire

70
Q

5 Disadvantages of Mortars:

A 
long flight time
relative inaccuracy compared to guns
dependent on ground conditions
degraded performance in wet
lack of protection for crews
71
Q

Categories of Mortars:

A

Light - 50-70mm
Medium - Up to 100mm
Heavy - 120mm
Gun - Rifled barrels, breech loading, recoil system

72
Q

2 Main Components with sub components of Mortar ammo:

A

Bomb Body - Fuze and provides obturation

Tail Unit - Propulsion system

73
Q

2 Types of Mortar Propulsion/augmenting cartridges:

A
  • Thin leaves of plasticised propellant stapled together.

- Hollow plastic carts containing granular propellant.

74
Q

Mortar Ammo Natues:

A

HE, sub-munitons, smoke producing, smoke burst, Illum.

75
Q

Mortar Fuzes SAD. explain?

A

Designed to arm themselves on the acceleration that occurs in the barrel and this force is applied for less than 10m/s. Fitted with an additon safety pin.
Modern fuzes include delayed arming mech (escape mech)

76
Q

Mortar Fuze types x4:

A

Impact/PD
Delay
MTSQ
Prox

77
Q

Windage definition:

A

gap between outer wall of the bob and inner wall of the tube.

78
Q

Explain Static Margin:

A

Distance between the Cenre of pressure and CoG. larger static margin the greater chance to canel yaw.
static margin should be equal to at least 1 calibre.

79
Q

4 ways to extend Range for mortars:

A

DS
Rkt Assist
Spin stabalised
Breech loaded

80
Q

Considerations for Delivery Systems:

A 
N - Nature of Task
E - Effect Required at target
T - Terrain
R - Range
P - Protection
M - Mobility
81
Q

Tasks for Delivery Systems:

A 
N - Neutralisation
I - Interdiction (cut off supply liens)
C - Counter Battery Fire
C - Coordination of Fire
D - Destruction
I - Illumination
S - Suppression
H - Harrassment
82
Q

FFR definition:

A

A tube open at one end in which fuel is burnt, the gases form the burning fuel escape out of the opened end.
The momentum of escaping gases causing an equal and opposite reaction on the closed end
The projectile flight path cannot be changed

83
Q

Name Direct Fire Systems x3:

A

Small Arms - <20mm
Cannon - >20mm
Rockets

84
Q

Types of Delivery Systems:

A 
Guns
Mortars
FFR
Direct Fire Systems
Recoiless Systems
Guided Missles
85
Q

Points on Recoiless Systems:

A 
84mm M3 Carl Gustaf
Man Portable
Versatile payload
limited armour protection
large firing signature
86
Q

Points on Guided Missles:

A

Greater accuracy
High Velocity
Increased cost
Specific Target Types

87
Q

Define Ammunition:

A

All material used in discharging a weapon that is thrown, dropped, placed, projected, shot, launched, inclusive of explosives, pyrotechnics fuzes are Ammo.

All the material used in discharging all types of firearms or any weapon that throws projectiles, shot, shrapnel, bullets, carts and the means of igniting and exploding them as primers and fixes. Chemicals, bombs, grenades, mines and Pyros are also Ammo.

AT Course_NE (23 decks)

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