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HFF - Exam 3 > Test 3 - Quiz 8 - Vitamins > Flashcards

Test 3 - Quiz 8 - Vitamins Flashcards

1
Q

What are vitamins?

A

Orgo molecules essential to human metabolic and cellular function that cannot be produced w/in the body and must be obtained thru external sources, like the diet

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2
Q

What are the fat soluble vitamins?

A

A
D
E
K

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3
Q

What are the water soluble vitamins?

A 
B1
B2
B3
B5
B6
B7
B9
B12
C
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4
Q

What are the vitamins with a toxicity reported?

A 
A
B3
B6
C
D
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5
Q

What are characteristics of fat soluble vitamins?

A

Fatty acyl chains

Ingested as esters

Require cholesterol esterase for uptake

Integrated into micelles and chylomicrons

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6
Q

What are characteristics of water-soluble vitamins?

A

Acute use

Urinary excretion

Little toxicity

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7
Q

B1’s vitamer is?

A

Thiamine

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8
Q

B2’s vitamer is?

A

Riboflavin

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9
Q

B3’s vitamer is?

A

Niacin

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10
Q

B7’s vitamer is?

A

Biotin

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11
Q

B9’s vitamer is?

A

Folic acid

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12
Q

E’s vitamer is?

A

Tocopherol (alpha, beta, delta, gamma)

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13
Q

What is the general function of vitamin A?

A

Required for normal vision

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14
Q

Vitamin A is taken in high dosage to treat ____________ . (Accutane)

A

Acne

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15
Q

T/F - Vitamin A is a teratogen.

A

TRUE. Do not take large doses while pregnant

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16
Q

A chronic deficiency of vitamin B1 (thiamine) causes what diseases?

A

Beriberi -
Peripheral neuropathy and neuronal wasting. This leads to impaired sensory, motor, and reflex functions.

Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome-
Acute encephalopathy leading to psychosis, short term memory loss, and disorientation

17
Q

What two things are associated with poor thiamine status?

A

Chronic alcoholism

Diabetes

18
Q

Thiamine is an essential coenzyme in what complex necessary to change pyruvate to acetyl-CoA?

A

Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex

19
Q

In the U.S., a deficiency of ____________ is extremely rare.

A

Riboflavin

20
Q

What two types of people are at risk for a riboflavin (B2) deficiency?

A

Pregnant women that rarely consume meat

Vegetarians

21
Q

Riboflavin is essential for what two types of metabolism?

A

Carbohydrate

Lipid

22
Q

A niacin (B3) deficiency causes what disease?

A

Pellagra -

Dermatitis, diarrhea, inflamed mucus membranes, and delusions

23
Q

Niacin is necessary for what molecule used in glycolysis, CAC, and OP?

A

NAD+

24
Q

Vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid) is a major component in what synthesis?

A

Coenzyme A

25
Q

A deficiency of vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) can lead to what?

A

Microcytic anemia

26
Q

T/F - Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) improves cognitive performance.

A

FALSE.

*However, limited evidence shows when it is taken with an antihistamine during pregnancy, morning sickness symptoms are reduced.

27
Q

B7 is what?

A

Biotin

28
Q

B7 is essential for what synthetic pathway?

A

Fatty acid synthesis

29
Q

B9 deficiency leads to what disease?

A

Megaloblastic anemia -
Abnormally nucleated erythrocytes

Deficiency during pregnancy increases the risk of neural tube defects at birth

**Deficiency is associated with poor diet, alcoholism, and malabsorptive disorders

30
Q

What pathway is B9 essential for?

A

Amino acid metabolism

31
Q

Vitamin B12 (Cobalamins) are essential for what?

A

AA metabolism

32
Q

A deficiency of B12 leads to what?

A

Pernicious anemia

33
Q

Megaloblastic/pernicious anemia associated with B12/B9 deficiency can be masked by what?

*This results in not treating the neurologic deficits, leading to nerve damage.

A

Folic acid

34
Q

A vitamin C deficiency leads to what?

A

Scurvy -

Fatigue, malaise, inflammation, joint pain, etc.

35
Q

Vitamin C is often taken to treat the common cold. It has been shown to not decrease the risk of getting the cold, but it may reduce the sickness duration by what percent?

A

8%

36
Q

A deficiency of vitamin D leads to what?

A

Rickets -

Bone softness and deformation due to improper mineralization

37
Q

What vitamin, when taken in toxic doses, causes hemorrhagic effects?

A

Vitamin E

38
Q

Vitamin K’s general function is what?

A

Production of clotting factors II, VII, IX, and X

39
Q

A mixture of vitamin K and what causes a dangerous interaction that deplete vitamin K-dependent clotting factors?

A

Anticoagulants

HFF - Exam 3 (19 decks)

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